DNA
Replication,
Transcription,
Translation
DNA Replication
The
weak hydrogen bonds that hold
the nitrogen bases break apart by an
enzyme
The divided strands are then
replicated by their matching nitrogen
bases
Your new DNA Strand is then one ‘old
strand’ known as the parent strand
and one ‘new strand’
Speed of Replication
DNA
is replicated REALLY FAST
Human cell copies its 6 billion
bases & divide into daughter
cells in only few hours
Remarkably accurate
only ~1 error per 100 million
bases
~30 errors per cell cycle
Errors & Fixing
Different
DNA
types of errors can happen in
Ex:
Deletion of nitrogen base or an
insertions of nitrogen base
Proofreading
enzymes correct any
mistakes that occur during replication.
DNA studies have helped us solve
major problems in history and in health.
RNA
RNA
– RiboNucleic Acid
Made in the nucleus
RNA delivers and interprets
what the DNA is saying
DNA vs. RNA
 Difference
#1:
 DNA  double strand
 RNA  single strand
Difference #2:
 DNA nitrogen bases: A, G, C, T
 RNA nitrogen bases: A, G, C, U (Uracil)
DNA Transcription
RNA
strand is made by reading
one of the DNA strands
IMPORTANT!!!
 When there is
an Adenine base (A), it binds
with Uracil (U) in RNA instead
of Thymine (T)
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
U
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A T
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A T C
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A T C C
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A T C C
RNA Strand:
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A T C C
RNA Strand:
A
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A T C C
RNA Strand:
AU
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A T C C
RNA Strand:
AUC
RNA Base-Pairing Practice
DNA
Strand#1: A G T T C A
DNA Strand #2: T C A A G T
RNA Strand:
UC AAGU
DNA
Strand #1: T A G G
DNA Strand #2: A T C C
RNA Strand:
AUCC
DNA Translation
What
does
Translation mean?
DNA Translation
RNA
is transferred out of the nucleus
to the ribosome
CODON: three nitrogen bases
One Codon(in order on the RNA
strand) makes ONE amino acid
Amino acids put together make a
protein
Put it all together!
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sstJI3
agBcM
New Vocabularies Learned
Replication
RNA
DNA
Transcription
DNA Translation
Codon