4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
KEY CONCEPT
All cells need chemical energy.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
A characteristic common to all living
things is that they require Energy
An organism needs E for:
•
A cell needs E for:
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
What does the cell need energy for?
• To move
• To reproduce
• To actively transport materials across the cell
membrane
(Ex. Endocytosis, exocytosis, sodium-potassium
pumps)
• To carry out chemical reactions
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Organisms are classified by
how they obtain Energy
AUTOTROPHS –
MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD
HETEROTROPHS –
GET FOOD BY EATING OTHER ORGANISMS
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Photoautotroph
• Organism that converts light energy into
chemical energy stored in organic molecules
CyanoBacteria
Protists (Algae)
Plants
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Chemoautotrophs
Organisms that
make food by using
E from the
breakdown of
chemicals that
escape out of deep
ocean vents where
there is no light
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Heterotrophs –
Organisms that eat other organisms
to obtain energy and carbon
compounds
• Animals
• Fungus
• Some Protists
• Most Bacteria
•
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Autotroph or Heterotroph?
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Where does this E come from?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
and
CELL RESPIRATION
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
In photosynthesis, sunlight E is transformed
into chemical E stored in food molecules
Starch
Glucose
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
In cell respiration, the chemical E stored in
food molecules is released in a form the
cells can use.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
What happens to the E released from
food in cellular respiration?
It is used to make high energy
molecules called
ATP
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
What is ATP?
ATP stands for the molecule
Adenosine Triphosphate
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
• ATP is a high energy containing molecule
used by all cells to do the work of life.
• Sodium-Potassium Pump
• Muscle contraction
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
ATP – ADP
adenosine
triphosphate
ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate
adenosine
ADP – Adenosine Diphosphate
diphosphate
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
The ATP – ADP cycle
ATP –High energy molecule ADP –Low energy molecule
phosphate removed
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
Removing a Phosphate - Release Energy “use the battery”
ATP
Energy + P + ADP
Adding a Phosphate – Stores Energy “recharge battery”
ADP + Energy + P
ATP
ATP = Fully charged battery
ADP = Used up battery
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP
ATP to ADP
Recharging your body’s batteries