腸道菌的想像
被遺忘的器官
越顯助教
細菌 = ？
疾病
抗生素發明前，人類最主要的死因。
霍亂、傷寒、淋病、破傷風、下痢與麻瘋病…等。
細菌武器
麻瘋病
『… 理論上來說，細菌武器的殺傷力甚至要超過核彈。
一枚核彈或許可以摧毀一整座城市，但是細菌武器可以
摧毀一整個國家。』
-Geoffrey Scarlett
食品
臭豆腐、乳酪、優酪乳…。
酒、醋、醬油…。
器官 ?
微生物：
從裡到外 1014-15 個
人類細胞：1013個
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External auditory canal
EW S
I EWI S
REVREV
REV I EW S
70%
功能？
佔據空間，排除病菌生長：競爭養分、與宿主和諧相
處、殺菌素與乳酸。
保護宿主：調節免疫系統 (腸胃炎)。
調節腸道的生長：腸細胞的增生與分生、加強腸壁間
隙。
分解功能：分解致癌物、膽固醇、膳食纖維、寡糖與
乳糖等。
產生代謝物：維生素、短鏈脂肪酸
科學新發現：肥胖細菌！
腸道微生物：被遺忘的器官
-Ann M. O’Hara & Fergus Shanahan
只是…
環境因素：生活習慣、飲食、先天體質…
並不是每個人都擁有這個健康的器官！
但是可以透過食品來保健！
益生菌 (probiotic)
可改善宿主 (如動物或人類) 腸內微生物的平衡，並對宿主
有正面的效益
Ａ 菌：Lactobacillus acidophilus 乳酸菌
Ｂ 菌：Bifidobacterium lactis 比菲德氏菌
Ｃ 菌：Lactobacillus casei 乳酸菌
Streptococcus thermophilus 嗜高溫鏈球菌
Lactobacillus bulgaricus 保加利亞乳桿菌
缺點：不易通過消化道 (pH值、氧氣環境)
2. 益生質 (prebiotic)
無法被人類消化的食物，而成為益生菌的營養來源，
促進生長。
ex. 果寡糖、菊糖
動物的例子. 無尾熊
延伸資料：搜尋 “coprophagy”
食品的例子. 優酪乳
牛奶的加工：透過乳酸菌將牛奶發酵，使乳糖變成乳酸，
仍保有牛奶的營養價值，且對乳糖不耐症有緩解的功用
在台灣，習慣稱固態的為優格，液態的為優酪乳
含有益生菌，有助於腸道保持好菌，抑制有害菌之生長，
也可促進腸道保健
因為成分的關係 (乳酸與細菌相關的代謝物)，適口性不是
很好，所以要添加很多糖分及香料，熱量高
小組討論
組內每人先依序回答下列問題，整合後派一位上台發表
1. 最常 / 最近使用的腸道菌食品是什麼？
2. 這個產品有訴諸任何功能嗎？ 是什麼？
3. 在你身上的效果如何？
4. 為什麼有用 / 沒用？
討論時間：15 分鐘