1 How is cellular respiration by plants similar to the burning of fossil fuels?
o A. Both release oxygen for organisms that are consumers.
o B. Both break down carbon-containing compounds.
o C. Both produce ATP.
o D. Both absorb light.
Carbon
Cycle
Fossil fuels =
Coal, oil, gas
made from
remains of
dead plants
and animals
buried under
ground for
millions of
years.
How else is cellular respiration and burning fossil fuels
similar? They both need…….
oxygen
How else is cellular respiration and burning fossil fuels
similar? They both need…….
oxygen
2 Which process increases genetic variation among whale offspring?
o A. Division of cells in mitosis
o B. Fertilization of egg cells
o C. Synthesis of proteins
o D. Assembly of lipids
Unintended consequences = outcomes that were not intended, usually not
good. What were some unintended consequences that came from bringing
Himalayan blackberry here from Europe?
Grew out of control, choked out native plants
3 Adding predator animals to a new habitat is one way of getting rid of unwanted animals or
plants there. What could be an unintended consequence of releasing Asian carp fish into
Seattle lakes to eat unwanted snails?
o A. Beneficial nutrients could be removed from the ecosystem.
o B. The water temperature could increase in the ecosystem.
o C. The Asian carp would compete with native carp species for food.
o D. The snail population would grow out of control.
4 In mammals, the hormone insulin helps decrease the amount of glucose in blood.
Which describes a negative feedback system between insulin and glucose?
o A. Small amounts of glucose in blood keep insulin from working properly.
o B. Insulin is constantly released to prevent low glucose levels in blood.
o C. Insulin causes the addition of large amounts of glucose to blood.
o D. High levels of insulin decrease blood glucose levels.
Positive feedback
causes something
to increase.
Negative feedback
causes something
to decrease.
Feedback systems are like air conditioning……
Positive feedback
causes something
to increase.
Negative feedback
causes something
to decrease.
Equilibrium = Everything in _________
balance
Equilibrium = Everything in balance
What happens if there are too many frogs….?
Grasshopper population will decrease, some frogs will
starve until….
Equilibrium = Everything in balance
Equilibrium = Everything in balance
What happens if there are too many grasshoppers….?
Frog population will increase until…….
Equilibrium = Everything in balance
5 Months after a forest fire, some nonnative plants began to grow in the area. Why were
these plants able to grow?
o A. The plants were able to survive without water.
o B. The plants were able to use the ash as chemical energy.
o C. The plants were able to thrive in the newly formed niches.
o D. The plants were able to mutate to adjust to the new surface materials.
Niche = A living
thing’s place or role
in an ecosystem.
Niche = an organism’s role in an ecosystem, what it does.
• Where it fits in food web, where it lives (habitat).
Salmonberry Plants
Salmonberry plants can be found all along the Pacific coast. Salmonberry plants are a
food source for many animals in Pacific coast ecosystems including hummingbirds, deer,
and bear. Scientists conducted a field study to learn about salmonberry plant populations
in different habitats in Washington.
Field Study Question: How does the salmonberry plant population vary by habitat?
Procedure:
1. Go to the salmonberry field study area. Record location, date, time, and temperature.
2. Choose a random location in the forest edge habitat.
3. Measure a 5-meter-by-5-meter plot and label as Plot 1.
4. Count the number of salmonberry plants in Plot 1. Record as Plot 1 for the forest
edge habitat.
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for Plot 2 and Plot 3, choosing a new location in the forest edge
habitat for each plot.
6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 for the stream bank and forest habitats.
7. Calculate and record the average number of salmonberry plants for each habitat.
Data Collected:
Location: Forest edge, stream bank, and forest habitats
Date and Time: May 1, from 11:00 A.M. to 2:00 P.M.
Temperature: 10° C to 15° C
6 How could the validity of this field study be improved?
o A. Use a fourth habitat type in the field study.
o B. Count the number of trees in the field study area.
o C. Use three 1-meter-by-1-meter plots in each habitat.
o D. Count the salmonberry plants in four plots at each habitat.
Validity refers to whether or not an experiment was effectively
designed to answer the research question.
Robert wanted to find out if playing music helps plants grow taller. He
set up two groups of plants as shown below:
Cardboard box
music
player
window
Group A
Group B
Is this a valid experiment? Explain why or why not.
• No.
• Group A and B plants not getting the same amount of light.
Reliability refers to how to much confidence you can have that the
results of an experiment are accurate.
Alicia wanted to find out if playing music helps plants grow taller. She
set up two groups of plants as shown below:
Light bulb
music
player
Cardboard box
Group A
Group B
Is her experiment valid? Reliable? What should she do to make sure
the results of her experiment are reliable?
• Yes.
• No.
• Repeat experiment, use more plants.
Reliability refers to how to much confidence you can have that the
results of an experiment are accurate.
Alicia wanted to find out if playing music helps plants grow taller. She
set up two groups of plants as shown below:
Light bulb
music
player
Cardboard box
Group A
Group B
Is her experiment valid? What should she do to make sure the results
of her experiment are reliable?
• Yes.
• No.
• Repeat experiment, use more plants.
7 Which output from bears is used by salmonberry plants?
o A. Carbon dioxide from bears is used for photosynthesis in plants.
o B. Oxygen from bears is used for photosynthesis in plants.
o C. Glucose from bears is used for respiration in plants.
o D. Water from bears is used for respiration in plants.
Carbon
Cycle
8 The results from the field study are shown in The Habitat vs. Number of Salmonberry
Plants table. Describe a scientific reason for the results in the forest edge habitat and a
scientific reason for results in the forest habitat.
In your description, be sure to:
• Describe a scientific reason for the results in the forest edge habitat.
• Describe a different scientific reason for the results in the forest habitat.
• Include data from the Habitat vs. Number of Salmonberry Plants table that supports
each scientific reason.
Forest edge habitat results:
The forest edge habitat has the most plants (avg. of 16). This could be because plants
on the forest edge get more sun.
Forest habitat results:
The forest habitat has the least salmonberry plants (avg.of 4). Plants here probably
get less sun than plants on the edge of the forest get. Could also be fewer here
because more trees taking up nutrients out of the soil. There may be more animals
here that eat salmonberry too.
9 Blackberry plants are found in forest edge habitats. How could blackberry plants limit
the population of salmonberry plants?
o A. Blackberry plants increase oxygen in the ecosystem.
o B. Blackberry plants lack flowers that attract bees.
o C. Blackberry plants produce dark purple berries.
o D. Blackberry plants compete for resources
10 Salmonberry leaf cells contain 14 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will a new
leaf cell contain after mitosis?
Write your answer in the box.
14
____________________ chromosomes
What kind of cells are made in mitosis? How do daughter cells
compare with the parent cells?
• Body cells.
• Daughter cells identical to the parent cell.
Parent cell
Mitosis = “My TOES-is”.
How you make more toe
cells, body cells. 
Daughter cells
What kind of cells are made in meiosis? How do daughter cells
compare with parent cells?
• Reproductive cells (sperm and egg).
• Daughter cells different from parent
cells (half as many chromosomes)
Mei-O-sis =
Parent cell
The way we
make EGG and
sperm cells. All
offspring look
DIFFERENT.
Daughter cells
Constraints = Things that limit how much you can do in an experiment. Suppose you wanted
to do an experiment to determine how much carbon dioxide is taken in by all the trees in the
world. Describe two constraints, other than cost, that scientists could encounter while trying
to solve this problem. In your description be sure to:
- Identify two constraints other than cost.
- Describe how each constraint is a limitation on the solution .
• Too many trees to count every one. This means count
will not be completely accurate.
• By the time done counting, old trees died and new ones
grown.
11 Some bears are getting into trash cans at campgrounds near the forest. The park
rangers plan to trap and relocate these bears to solve the problem of these bears getting
into the trash. Describe two constraints other than cost that park rangers could
encounter while trapping and relocating these bears.
In your description, be sure to:
• Identify two constraints on trapping and relocating these bears other than cost.
• Describe how each constraint is a limitation.
One constraint:
The bears could find their way back to the campground. This is a limitation
because they will have to be trapped again to remove them.
Another constraint:
Rangers could be hurt in trying to trap bears. This is a limitation because no
one wants rangers to be hurt or attacked by bears.
12 Which event might be evidence that the forest edge habitat is in equilibrium?
o A. A dead tree providing nutrients for a young tree
o B. A bird species leaving as temperatures increase
o C. A landslide damming the stream in the habitat
o D. A flood washing away topsoil from the ground
Everything in balance
Equilibrium =_________________________.
13 Salmonberry plant roots absorb minerals. What cellular process moves minerals across
root cell membranes from an area of low mineral concentration to an area of high
mineral concentration?
o A. Facilitated diffusion
o B. Passive transport
o C. Active transport
o D. Osmosis
Moving from low to high is ACTIVE;
you have to use energy to do it.
Moving from high to low is PASSIVE;
you don’t have to use energy to
make it happen.
14 Scientists wondered how the presence of the new type of grass could affect the
population of salmonberry plants in a forest ecosystem. What kind of investigation
would be most appropriate to answer this question?
o A. A field study because factors that are hard to control could influence the results
o B. A research paper because information is available about many kinds of plants
o C. A controlled experiment because all the variables can be kept the same
o D. A simulation because computers are more reliable than natural systems
1. Controlled experiments done inside when want to see how things
behave in small controlled setting.
2. Field studies done outside when want to see how things behave in
natural environment.
3. Modeling/simulations done on computer when subject is too
big/complex to study inside lab or out in field.
Controlled experiment
Field study
Computer modeling/simulation
15 Plan a field study to answer the question in the box. You may use any materials and
equipment in your procedure.
Be sure your procedure includes:
logical steps to do the field study
conditions to be compared
data to be collected
method for collecting data
how often measurements should be taken and recorded
environmental conditions to be recorded
Field Study Question: How does the total rainfall in different years affect
the mass of berries produced by a salmonberry plant?
Procedure:
Field Study Question: How does the total rainfall in different years affect the mass of berries
produced by a salmonberry plant?
Procedure:
1. Choose random location in the forest and mark off a 5 by 5 meter
area.
2. Choose 3 salmonberry plants within the marked area.
3. Pick 20 berries off each salmonberry plant. Use a scale to
determine mass of the berries and record data.
4. Do research to determine the total rainfall for the location in past
12 months. Record rainfall data.
5. Return to the same location on the same date for the next five
years and repeat steps 3 and 4 for the same plants.
Tip: when asked to design a new experiment or field study,
easiest way is to make appropriate changes to the one
given!
That’s it! 
3 Test Taking Tips:
1. Skip hard ones, come back to them later
2. READ & FOLLOW DIRECTIONS!
3. Check answers when done. Did you include everything
asked for in answers?
More EOC Review stuff on class website….
Biology EOC: Thurs. Jan. 30!
Still Unclear….?
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Punnett Squares (dihybrid cross)
Osmosis & diffusion
Active & passive transport
Cell respiration & photosynthesis
DNA, chromosomes, genes, & proteins
Meiosis & mitosis
Energy transformation and transfer
Constraints
Unintended consequences
Nitrogen cycle