See also the NOTES documents posted online at our wikispace,
the online self-quizzes posted at our wikispace,
and all assignments and materials related to cell structure (Cells
Alive!!! Assignment!!!), and to diffusion and osmosis (LABS!!!)
Identify each of the labeled structures of the neuron
below.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Identify each of the labeled structures of the neuron
below.
A. dendrites
B. nucleus
C. cell body
D. axon
E. axon endings
F. nodes of Ranvier
G. Schwann cells/myelin sheath
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the
NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides
the described FUNCTION.
The ___________ of a neuron contains the DNA and is the
“control center” of the cell.
The ___________ of a neuron contains the nucleus and
most of the cellular organelles.
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the
NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides
the described FUNCTION.
The nucleus of a neuron contains the DNA and is the
“control center” of the cell.
The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of
the cellular organelles.
Fill in the blanks in the sentence below with the NAME
of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the
described FUNCTION.
Signals “come in” to the neuron through the ________, and
travel “out” of the neuron along the ________, at the end
of which the __________ contact the next neuron in the
communication chain.
Fill in the blanks in the sentence below with the NAME
of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the
described FUNCTION.
Signals “come in” to the neuron through the dendrites, and
travel “out” of the neuron along the axon, at the end of
which the axon endings contact the next neuron in the
communication chain.
Which of the following do NOT have a cell wall?
A. plant cells
B. bacterial cells
C. Fungi
D. animal cells
Which of the following do NOT have a cell wall?
A. plant cells
B. bacterial cells
C. Fungi
D. animal cells
The plasma membrane is composed of
A. a single layer of proteins
B. a phospholipid bi-layer
C. a carbohydrate bi-layer
D. a single layer of lipids
The plasma membrane is composed of
A. a single layer of proteins
B. a phospholipid bi-layer
C. a carbohydrate bi-layer
D. a single layer of lipids
This organelle stores the DNA in a eukaryotic cell.
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Vacuole
D. Cytoplasm
This organelle stores the DNA in a eukaryotic cell.
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Vacuole
D. Cytoplasm
Which of the following is the energy supplier in
eukaryotic cells; this organelle contains its own DNA
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. endoplasmic reticulum
E. ribosome
Which of the following is the energy supplier in
eukaryotic cells; this organelle contains its own DNA
A. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. endoplasmic reticulum
E. ribosome
This organelle is found in animal cells and is used in cell
division; the spindle fibers attach to it.
A. vacuole
B. chloroplast
C. nucleus
D. ribosome
E. centriole
This organelle is found in animal cells and is used in cell
division; the spindle fibers attach to it.
A. vacuole
B. chloroplast
C. nucleus
D. ribosome
E. centriole
Which of the following is an enzyme filled organelle for
breaking down waste in the cell?
A. Lysosome
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi body
Which of the following is an enzyme filled organelle for
breaking down waste in the cell?
A. Lysosome
B. Chloroplast
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi body
The major job of the ribosome is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
make fats
make proteins
break down proteins
make sugars
The major job of the ribosome is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
make fats
make proteins
break down proteins
make sugars
What is a semi-permeable membrane?
A. A membrane that allows all molecules to pass through.
B. A membrane that is different on each side.
C. A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through
but not others.
D. A membrane that doesn't allow any molecules to pass
through.
What is a semi-permeable membrane?
A. A membrane that allows all molecules to pass through.
B. A membrane that is different on each side.
C. A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through
but not others.
D. A membrane that doesn't allow any molecules to pass
through.
The STRUCTURE of the plasma membrane is best
described as
A. a single lipid layer
B. an impenetrable barrier.
C. a rigid, strong layer protecting the cell
D. a lipid bi-layer.
The STRUCTURE of the plasma membrane is best
described as
A. a single lipid layer
B. an impenetrable barrier.
C. a rigid, strong layer protecting the cell
D. a lipid bi-layer.
The plasma membrane is referred to as a “fluid
mosaic” because it is made up of
a) phospholipids and cellulose
b) nucleic acids and proteins
c) phospholipids and proteins
d) proteins and cellulose
The plasma membrane is referred to as a “fluid
mosaic” because it is made up of
a) phospholipids and cellulose
b) nucleic acids and proteins
c) phospholipids and proteins
d) proteins and cellulose
Plasma membranes are “selectively permeable”. This
statement means that
a) No substances can enter or exit the cell through the
plasma membrane.
b) The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter
or exit a cell more easily than others.
c) All substances are able to enter or exit the cell through
the plasma membrane.
d) It is random chance whether a molecule can or cannot
enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.
Plasma membranes are “selectively permeable”. This
statement means that
a) No substances can enter or exit the cell through the
plasma membrane.
b) The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter
or exit a cell more easily than others.
c) All substances are able to enter or exit the cell through
the plasma membrane.
d) It is random chance whether a molecule can or cannot
enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.
Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane
most easily?
A. small polar molecules
B. small non-polar molecules
C. large polar molecules
D. large non-polar molecules
E. large neutral molecules
Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane
most easily?
A. small polar molecules
B. small non-polar molecules
C. large polar molecules
D. large non-polar molecules
E. large neutral molecules
For each of following molecules, indicate whether it CAN or
CANNOT pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma
membrane by simple diffusion.
2. Then, for EACH molecule EXPLAIN WHY it can or cannot pass
through based upon the SIZE and CHARGE characteristics of the
molecule.
A. CO2:
B. O2:
C. H2O:
D. C6H12O6:
E. K+ :
1.
:
Ca2+ :
F. Na+
G.
For each of following molecules, indicate whether it CAN or
CANNOT pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma
membrane by simple diffusion.
2. Then, for EACH molecule EXPLAIN WHY it can or cannot pass
through based upon the SIZE and CHARGE characteristics of the
molecule.
A. CO2: YES! It CAN! It’s both SMALL and NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)!
B. O2: YES! It CAN! It’s both SMALL and NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)!
C. H2O: WATER!!! NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is POLAR (hydrophilic)!
D. C6H12O6: GLUCOSE!!! NO! It CANNOT! It’s both LARGE and POLAR (hydrophilic)!
E. K+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!
1.
F. Na+:
NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!
G. Ca2+:
NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!
Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of
A. molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of
lower concentration.
B. molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of
higher concentration.
C. water molecules across a membrane.
D. gas molecules across a membrane.
E. gas or water molecules across a membrane.
Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of
A. molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of
lower concentration.
B. molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of
higher concentration.
C. water molecules across a membrane.
D. gas molecules across a membrane.
E. gas or water molecules across a membrane.
The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?
A. Temperature
B. Size of molecules
C. Steepness of the concentration gradient
D. A, B and C
The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?
A. Temperature
B. Size of molecules
C. Steepness of the concentration gradient
D. A, B and C
When the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium
state:
A. the movement of all molecules stops completely
B. molecules continue to move but in equal parts
C. a hypertonic solution is formed
D. none of the above
When the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium
state:
A. the movement of all molecules stops completely
B. molecules continue to move but in equal parts
C. a hypertonic solution is formed
D. none of the above
Which of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is
TRUE?
a) Simple diffusion uses ATP as an energy source.
b) Simple diffusion can move a solute against its concentration
gradient.
c) Simple diffusion is driven by the potential energy represented
by a concentration gradient.
d) None of the above
Which of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is
TRUE?
a) Simple diffusion uses ATP as an energy source.
b) Simple diffusion can move a solute against its concentration
gradient.
c) Simple diffusion is driven by the potential energy represented
by a concentration gradient.
d) None of the above
Which of the following statements regarding active transport is
TRUE?
a) Active transport uses ATP as an energy source.
b) Active transport can move a solute against its concentration
gradient.
c) Active transport requires the cell to expend energy.
d) All of the above
Which of the following statements regarding active transport is
TRUE?
a) Active transport uses ATP as an energy source.
b) Active transport can move a solute against its concentration
gradient.
c) Active transport requires the cell to expend energy.
d) All of the above
Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE?
a) Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and
molecules.
b) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system.
c) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they
are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.
d) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net
change is apparent.
Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE?
a) Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and
molecules.
b) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system.
c) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they
are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.
d) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net
change is apparent.
Statement c above is FALSE: In reality diffusion occurs
when particles spread from areas where they are MORE
concentrated to areas where they are LESS concentrated, in
other words from HIGH to LOW concentration.
The only DIFFERENCE between simple diffusion and
facilitated diffusion is
A. facilitated diffusion requires energy
B. facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move
substances in or out of the cell
C. simple diffusion requires energy
D. facilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration.
The only DIFFERENCE between simple diffusion and
facilitated diffusion is
A. facilitated diffusion requires energy
B. facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move
substances in or out of the cell
C. simple diffusion requires energy
D. facilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration.
Facilitated diffusion occurs
A. into the cell only.
B. out of the cell only.
C. in either direction depending on the temperature.
D. in either direction depending on the concentration gradient
of the molecule.
E. in either direction depending on the size of the molecule.
Facilitated diffusion occurs
A. into the cell only.
B. out of the cell only.
C. in either direction depending on the temperature.
D. in either direction depending on the concentration gradient
of the molecule.
E. in either direction depending on the size of the molecule.
Exocytosis is a process by which cells
A. release substances from the cell through pores in the
cell membrane.
B. release substances from the cell via vesicles.
C. release substances from the cell via carrier proteins.
D. bring in substances from the outside via vesicles.
E. bring in substances from the outside via pores in the
cell membrane.
Exocytosis is a process by which cells
A. release substances from the cell through pores in the
cell membrane.
B. release substances from the cell via vesicles.
C. release substances from the cell via carrier proteins.
D. bring in substances from the outside via vesicles.
E. bring in substances from the outside via pores in the
cell membrane.
Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and
bring them in to digest them. This process is best
described as
A. Pinocytosis.
B. Osmosis.
C. Receptor-mediated exocytosis.
D. Phagocytosis.
E. Diffusion.
Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and
bring them in to digest them. This process is best
described as
A. Pinocytosis.
B. Osmosis.
C. Receptor-mediated exocytosis.
D. Phagocytosis.
E. Diffusion.
Cells occasionally need to take in or “drink” large amounts
of water, which term best describe the process by which
cells “DRINK” or take in vesicles of water?
A. Pinocytosis.
B. Receptor-mediated endocytosis.
C. Phagocytosis.
D. Diffusion.
Cells occasionally need to take in or “drink” large amounts
of water, which term best describe the process by which
cells “DRINK” or take in vesicles of water?
A. Pinocytosis.
B. Receptor-mediated endocytosis.
C. Phagocytosis.
D. Diffusion.
When a cell needs to get rid of waste products and push
them OUT OF THE CELL, which term best describe the
process by which cells release substances from the cell?
A. Pinocytosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Exocytosis
When a cell needs to get rid of waste products and push
them OUT OF THE CELL, which term best describe the
process by which cells release substances from the cell?
A. Pinocytosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Which method of transport moves substances in or out of
the cell that REQUIRES ENERGY?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Which method of transport moves substances in or out of
the cell that REQUIRES ENERGY?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Facilitated diffusion is used to transport
A. H2O and O2
B. O2 and CO2
C. CO2 and H2O
D. Ions and H2O
Facilitated diffusion is used to transport
A. H2O and O2
B. O2 and CO2
C. CO2 and H2O
D. Ions and H2O
Osmosis is best defined as the movement of
A. solute molecules across a membrane from an area of
high solute concentration to an area of lower solute
concentration
B. solute molecules across a membrane from an area of
low solute concentration to an area of higher solute
concentration
C. water molecules across a membrane from an area of
low water concentration to an area of higher water
concentration
D. water molecules across a membrane from an area of
high water concentration to an area of lower water
concentration
Osmosis is best defined as the movement of
A. solute molecules across a membrane from an area of
high solute concentration to an area of lower solute
concentration
B. solute molecules across a membrane from an area of
low solute concentration to an area of higher solute
concentration
C. water molecules across a membrane from an area of
low water concentration to an area of higher water
concentration
D. water molecules across a membrane from an area of
high water concentration to an area of lower water
concentration
A solution in which the solute concentration outside a cell
is LOWER cell than the solute concentration inside the
cell is called a
A. hypotonic solution
B. hypertonic solution
C. isotonic solution
D. cytotonic solution
A solution in which the solute concentration outside a cell
is LOWER cell than the solute concentration inside the
cell is called a
A. hypotonic solution
B. hypertonic solution
C. isotonic solution
D. cytotonic solution
A solution in which the solute concentration outside the
cell is HIGHER than the solute concentration inside the
cell is called
A. an isotonic solution
B. a hypertonic solution
C. a hypotonic solution
D. a cytotonic solution
A solution in which the solute concentration outside the
cell is HIGHER than the solute concentration inside the
cell is called
A. an isotonic solution
B. a hypertonic solution
C. a hypotonic solution
D. a cytotonic solution
A cell in a hypertonic solution
A. loses water and shrinks
B. gains water and expands
C. gains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same
shape
D. none of the above
A cell in a hypertonic solution
A. loses water and shrinks
B. gains water and expands
C. gains and loses the same amount of water, staying the same
shape
D. none of the above
A red blood cell placed in an isotonic medium will
A. Expand.
B. Burst.
C. Shrink.
D. Have no change in shape.
A red blood cell placed in an isotonic medium will
A. Expand.
B. Burst.
C. Shrink.
D. Have no change in shape.
A cell in a hypotonic solution
A. loses water and shrinks
B. gains water and expands
C. gains and loses the same amount of water, staying the
same shape
D. none of the above
A cell in a hypotonic solution
A. loses water and shrinks
B. gains water and expands
C. gains and loses the same amount of water, staying the
same shape
D. none of the above
After eating a salty snack like potato chips, the cells in
your mouth become saturated with salt. What happens to
the cells in your mouth as they react to the ELEVATED salt
environment?
A. water moves into the cells causing them to burst
B. salt moves into the cells causing them to burst
C. salt moves out of the cells causing them to shrink
D. water moves out of the cells causing them to shrink.
After eating a salty snack like potato chips, the cells in
your mouth become saturated with salt. What happens to
the cells in your mouth as they react to the ELEVATED salt
environment?
A. water moves into the cells causing them to burst
B. salt moves into the cells causing them to burst
C. salt moves out of the cells causing them to shrink
D. water moves out of the cells causing them to shrink.
When a plant cell is placed in a salt water solution, the cell
is affected and changes size. What part of the cell will be
UNAFFECTED?
A. The cytoplasm
B. The cell membrane
C. The cell wall
D. The vacuole
When a plant cell is placed in a salt water solution, the cell
is affected and changes size. What part of the cell will be
UNAFFECTED?
A. The cytoplasm
B. The cell membrane
C. The cell wall
D. The vacuole
The diagram to the right represents a plant cell in
distilled water as seen with a compound light microscope.
Which diagram below best represents the appearance
of that cell after it has been placed in a 15% salt solution
for two minutes?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
The diagram to the right represents a plant cell in
distilled water as seen with a compound light microscope.
Which diagram below best represents the appearance
of that cell after it has been placed in a 15% salt solution
for two minutes? This is a high salt concentration solution,
therefore a hypertonic solution. Water will move OUT of the cell,
causing it to shrink within its plasma membrane, but the cell wall (a
rigid structure) will maintain it’s shape, a situation shown in (3) below.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4