2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
BELL RINGER [3 Minutes]
• Mark K/S/H/D for new Macromolecules
Vocabulary Words
• Write ONE sentence using ONE AWL Word
MYP Biology:
The Macromolecules of Life
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
All Life on Earth is Carbon-Based
• CARBON is one of the four
elements that makes up most
living things.
• Since Carbon atoms can make
COVALENT bonds with up to four
other atoms, it forms the backbone
of all of the essential molecules
that make up living things.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
What does it mean for a molecule to be
Organic or Inorganic?
• Molecules that contain carbon
are called ORGANIC. (There are a
few exceptions to this—CO2 for example, is
considered inorganic)
• INORGANIC molecules do not
contain carbon.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
What are Macromolecules?
Macromolecules are large, CARBON-based,
organic molecules. There are four major types:
1. CARBOHYDRATES
2. LIPIDS
3. PROTEINS
4. NUCLEIC ACIDS
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
What are Monomers and Polymers?
Many carbon-based molecules
are made up of smaller subunits
joined together:
• The individual subunits
are called MONOMERS.
• Multiple monomers join
together to make
POLYMERS.
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
CARBOHYDRATES
MONOMER: Monosaccharide
POLYMER:
Polysaccharide
FUNCTION:
Primary energy source for
cells/ organisms
STRUCTURE: Carbon-based rings (C,H,O)
EXAMPLES:
Glucose, Starch, Lactose,
Sucrose
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
LIPIDS
MONOMER: Fatty Acid
POLYMER:
FUNCTION:
Lipids
Energy storage, cell
signaling (hormones),
insulation of body, cell
membrane structure
STRUCTURE: Long carbon-based straight
chains (C,H,O)
EXAMPLES: Cholesterol and other
steroids, oils, and fats
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
PROTEINS
MONOMER: Amino Acid
POLYMER:
FUNCTION:
Protein
Body structure, vision,
movement, speed-up
chemical reactions
STRUCTURE: Folded-up chains of 20
different types of amino
acids (C,H,O,N)
EXAMPLES: Hemoglobin, Keratin,
Insulin, Myosin
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
NUCLEIC ACIDS
MONOMER: Nucleotide
POLYMER:
Nucleic Acid
FUNCTION:
Store and express genetic
information
STRUCTURE: Long chains of nucleotides
EXAMPLES:
(C,H,O,N), DNA ‘helix’
DNA, RNA
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Common Monomers:
Amino Acid
Nucleotide
Fatty Acid
Monosaccharide
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
NOTE: Organic molecules are often drawn w/o Carbon…
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• ORGANIC or INORGANIC??
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Check 4 Understanding!
Macromolecule
Monomer
Polymer
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Check 4 Understanding!
Macromolecule
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
Monomer
Polymer
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Check 4 Understanding!
Macromolecule
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharaide
Polysaccharide
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Check 4 Understanding!
Macromolecule
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharaide
Polysaccharide
Protein
Amino Acid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Check 4 Understanding!
Macromolecule
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharaide
Polysaccharide
Protein
Amino Acid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
DNA or RNA
Lipid
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Check 4 Understanding!
Macromolecule
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharaide
Polysaccharide
Protein
Amino Acid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
DNA or RNA
Lipid
Fatty Acid
Lipid
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Name this Macromolecule…
• Stores and expresses genetic info of cells
• Made up of nucleotide monomers
• Examples: DNA & RNA…
NUCLEIC ACIDS
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Name this Macromolecule…
• Primary energy source of cells
• Often called “sugars” or ‘saccharides’
• Examples: Glucose, Lactose, Starch…
CARBOHYDRATES
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Name this Macromolecule…
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stores extra energy in organisms
Makes up hormones (signaling molecules)
Insulates and protects body
Makes up cell membranes
Often called “fats”
Examples: Cholesterol, oils…
LIPIDS
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
Name this Macromolecule…
•
•
•
•
•
Builds body structure
Speeds-up chemical reactions
Helps with movement and vision
Made up of Amino Acid monomers
Examples: Hemoglobin, Keratin…
PROTEINS
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
• Card-sort Activity:
– In groups, sort the nine molecule cards into 3
groups of three based on their qualities…
• PROTEINS
• CARBOHYDRATES
• LIPIDS