Chapter 23
The term evolution is used to
describe
100%
...
of
a
n
in
um
en
th
th
e
ab
ili
ty
n
ge
si
ch
an
di
v
be
ro
vid
in
di
an
in
ng
e
ch
a
an
y
id
ua
u.
.
.
ar
..
ch
n
ge
si
ch
an
bl
e
he
rit
a
f..
.
A. heritable changes in characteristics of a
population from one generation to the next.
B. any change in an individual that can be
observed.
C. changes in the number of individuals0%in a0% 0%
population due to mating.
D. the ability of an individual organism to pass on
what it has learned, through experience, to the
next generation.
Evolution, viewed on a small scale, as it
relates to changes in a single gene or allele
frequency in a population over time, is
56%
called
A.
B.
C.
D.
38%
6%
n.
tio
m
ic r
oe
vo
lu
lu
t io
n.
ev
o
pi
c
ph
en
ot
y
ge
ne
t ic
ev
ol
u
tio
tio
n.
n.
0%
sp
ec
ia
ro
ev
ol
u
tio
n.
0%
m
ac
macroevolution.
speciation.
genetic evolution.
phenotypic
evolution.
E. microevolution.
The concept of a species was
proposed by
44%
Charles Darwin.
John Ray.
Carolus Linneaus.
Erasmus Darwin.
George Cuvier.
25%
19%
13%
Cu
vie
r.
in
.
ge
w
Ge
or
us
Da
r
as
m
Er
ol
us
L
in
ne
au
s.
y.
Ra
n
Ca
r
Jo
h
r le
sD
ar
w
in
.
0%
Ch
a
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Peter and Rosemary Grant study natural selection in finches on the
Galápagos Islands. They have hypothesized that dry condition produce
larger seeds and may result in larger beaks in succeeding generations
of finches. The figure below shows their data from 1976 and 1987. The
y-axis is the number of birds measured and the x-axis is the beak
depth. Does their data support their hypothesis 56%
and why?
44%
D.
ef
.. .
19
76
,b
in
ec
au
se
no
;b
ec
au
se
ev
en
th
ou
g.
..
g.
..
av
er
a
th
e
no
;b
se
ec
au
ye
s;
b
ec
au
ye
s;
b
C.
se
th
er
e
w
B.
yes; because there were more birds measured in 1978 0%
after the drought, 0%
therefore they must have been able to get food and reproduce.
yes; because the average beak depth of birds in the population increased
from 8.8mm in 1976 to 9.8mm in 1978.
no; because even though more birds were measured in 1978, the beak size
of the upper range was smaller.
no; because in 1976, before the drought, the largest beak depth was still
er
e.
..
A.
Which of the following could be
classified as a "transitional form"
fossil?
47%
ll o
sa
ha
th
at
fo
ss
il
A
sh
el
l
m
c la
A
ft
h.
..
he
. ..
tt
ga
yin
la
ph
i
am
ly
ea
r
An
Hy
ra
c
ot
he
riu
m
bi
a
n
,t
he
f ir
st
te
tr.
.
.
...
A. Hyracotherium, the first fossil of a horse that
was found 55 mya.
27%
B. An early amphibian tetrapod from 360 mya.
13% 13%
C. A clam shell laying at the bottom of the ocean.
D. A fossil that has all of the ancestors traits and
none of the present day animals traits.
Participant Leaders
Points
Participant
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Participant
4
4
3
darth maul
k1ng
29
3
3
2
professor x
wong
ChadSwagHake
3
3
3
Biggie Smalls
comethru
ilovemaryjane
2
2
1
boob
turdley
lookbehined you
3
3
3
kiki
lauren
mccringleberry
3
naww
An important message from the work of
Thomas Malthus that influenced Charles
Darwin was
57%
.. .
qu
ir e
d
ac
ce
he
r it
an
in
t io
n
po
pu
la
of
s iz
e
of
h
um
an
yp
of
io
n
fra
ct
a
on
ly
an
o.
..
.. .
d
ar
to
w
en
de
d
st
al
an
im
...
A. animals tended toward "human perfection.“
36%
B. only a fraction of any population will survive
and reproduce.
7%
C. population size of humans can.
0%
D. inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Did Darwin develop his theory of
evolution through experimentation or
observation or other methods?
56%
M
at
he
m
at
of
. ..
is
ica
en
ta
t
la
na
lys
io
n
an
...
io
n
ex
pe
r im
Ob
se
rv
at
th
Bo
Ex
pe
rim
en
ta
tio
n.
.
A. Experimentation.
44%
B. Observation.
C. Both experimentation and observation because
he collected samples but also worked
0%
0%
experimentally with finches.
D. Mathematical analysis of experimental data.
The result of natural selection is
extinction.
catastrophism.
adaptation.
synthesis.
6%
ca
th
es
is.
sy
n
ta
t
io
n.
0%
ad
ap
ta
st
r
op
hi
sm
.
ct
io
n.
13%
ex
t in
A.
B.
C.
D.
81%
The Modern Synthesis of evolution
is based on
69%
ap
t..
.
of
ad
f.
..
on
ce
pt
s
st
ud
ie
so
re
ce
nt
c
al
m
d
an
ex
pe
r im
en
t
id
ea
s
in
's
w
Da
r
ob
se
rv
a
tio
ns
o
ft
he
fo
rm
...
od
e.
.
A. observations of the formation of new species.
B. Darwin's ideas and modern concepts of
31%
genetics.
C. experimental studies of populations
0%
0%
performed by Darwin.
D. recent concepts of adaptation and
reproduction.
Some major changes that occurred in
horse body size, foot anatomy and tooth
morphology are hypothesized to be due to
81%
natural selection because of ...
d.
lim
.
at
es
fro
m
w
..
lim
at
es
fro
m
..
at
cli
m
ob
al
gl
gc
gin
ch
an
ch
an
gin
gc
n
ge
si
ch
an
ch
an
ge
si
n
gl
ob
al
cli
m
at
..
A. changes in global climates which resulted in changing
environments from forest to grasslands.
B. changes in global climates which resulted in changing
13%
environments from grasslands to forests.
6%
0%
C. changing climates from dry to wet.
D. changing climates from wet to dry.
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Participant
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Participant
9
8
7
darth maul
k1ng
boob
6
5
5
ilovemaryjane
29
ChadSwagHake
7
7
7
kiki
lauren
mccringleberry
5
4
2
wong
comethru
lookbehined you
7
7
7
naww
professor x
turdley
6
Biggie Smalls
A species that is naturally found only in
a particular location is called
50%
ns
it i
on
a
l.
ic.
tra
ac
t io
0%
ex
ot
..
0%
n
ic .
ex
t in
ct
d
ue
to
th
e
en
de
m
ct
.
extinct.
endemic.
extinct due to the action of humans.
exotic.
0%
transitional.
ex
t in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
50%
When Darwin observed several species of finches on the
Galápagos Islands had unique beak characteristics, he compared
them with finch beaks on the mainland. Which of the following
studies use geographic distribution of extinct and living species
to determine patterns of evolution?
50%
44%
Biology.
Geology.
Palentology.
Geneology.
Biogeography.
6%
.
ph
y
y.
og
eo
gr
a
Bi
Ge
ne
ol
og
gy
.
ol
o
Pa
le
nt
og
y
.
0%
Ge
ol
ol
og
y.
0%
Bi
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cacti in the deserts of southwestern North America and
some euphorbs of the deserts of Africa, have barrelshaped stems, short-lived leaves, and spines, yet these
two types of plants are from different evolutionary50%
lineages. This is an example of
selective breeding.
transitional forms.
homologous traits.
convergent evolution.
31%
13%
ho
m
ol
og
o
us
t
ra
co
it s
nv
.
er
ge
nt
ev
ol
ut
io
n.
s.
m
lf
or
on
a
ns
it i
tra
ive
br
ee
di
ng
.
6%
se
le
ct
A.
B.
C.
D.
The long snout of the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga
tridactyla, of South America, and the echidna,
Tachyglossus aculeatus, of Australia, are animals of
different evolutionary lineages that are both adapted to
33%
eating ants. This is an example of 27%
20%
ng
.
lh
om
ol
og
an
y.
al
og
ou
st
ar
ra
t
its
ifi
Bo
c
.
th
ia
ls
an
el
al
ec
og
t io
ou
n.
st
ra
it s
an
.. .
ica
om
ive
an
at
20%
0%
br
ee
di
selective breeding.
anatomical homology.
analogous traits.
artificial selection.
Both analogous traits and
artificial selection are correct.
se
le
ct
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Selective breeding results from
programs designed to modify traits in
domesticated species.
94%
A. True
B. False
se
Fa
l
Tr
ue
6%
Participant Leaders
Points
Participant
Points
Participant
13
12
11
darth maul
mccringleberry
k1ng
8
8
7
ChadSwagHake
boob
comethru
10
10
10
lauren
naww
turdley
7
6
3
wong
29
lookbehined you
9
9
9
Biggie Smalls
ilovemaryjane
kiki
9
professor x
English ivy (Hedera helix) and wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei) both
have aerial rootlets that allow them to climb up and stick to bark on
trees. As you can tell from their scientific name these plants are not
closely related, but yet they have both evolved similar morphological
50%
structures used for the same purpose. What type
of evolution is this?
44%
6%
co
n.
..
Bi
Bo
th
an
al
og
ou
s
an
d
va
l
di
a
en
t.
l.
0%
Ra
ve
rg
en
t.
0%
Co
n
og
ou
s.
Analogous.
Convergent.
Radial.
Bivalent.
Both analogous and convergent.
An
al
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
You are all excited because you just purchased a male guppy that has
red, blue and green colors on its fins and tail. Your guppies at home do
not have this combination of colors. You place the new male in with
three females for mating purposes. After three weeks you have many
88%
new baby guppies and most of them have the new color combination.
This is an example of which type of selection?
al.
en
t.
0%
ve
rg
Co
n
og
ou
s.
An
al
l.
ro
nm
en
ta
ra
l
0%
Ar
t if
ic i
6%
.
6%
En
vi
Natural.
Environmental.
Analogous.
Convergent.
Artificial.
Na
tu
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The underlying phenomenon that makes selective
breeding or artificial selection possible is genetic
variation. It is possible to have phenotypic variation in
natural populations because of. 69%
13%
n.
le
le
r it
sf
yi
or
n
all
...
bo
el
th
e
sf
ar
or
tif
ic i
a
al
...
se
le
ct
io
n
a.
.
sim
ila
es
i
n
al
in
ve
rs
io
ge
ne
ffe
re
nc
di
tif
i
c ia
ls
el
ec
t io
n.
artificial selection.
gene inversion.
differences in alleles for a specific trait.
19%
similarity in alleles for a specific trait.
0%
0%
both artificial selection and gene inversion.
ar
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Fundamental similarity due to descent
from a common ancestor is called
69%
13% 13%
6%
y.
co
nv
er
an
ge
d
nc
co
e.
nv
er
ge
nc
e.
..
an
al
og
y
on
ali
t
og
y.
co
m
m
an
al
og
y
.
0%
ol
homology.
analogy.
commonality.
convergence.
analogy and
convergence are
correct.
ho
m
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
When observing the skeleton of a snake,
you see the remains of hip and hind leg
bones associated with four legged
63%
animals. These bones are called ...
convergent traits.
analogous structures.
6%
vestigial structures.
homologous structures.
both homologous and analogous
structures.
19%
13%
0%
co
nv
er
ge
an
nt
al
tra
og
its
ou
.
ss
tru
ve
ct
ur
st
es
igi
.
al
ho
st
r
m
uc
ol
tu
o
re
go
bo
s.
us
th
ho
st
ru
m
ct
ol
ur
og
es
ou
.
sa
nd
an
.. .
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Winner…
Points
Participant
Points
Participant
17
15
14
darth maul
mccringleberry
k1ng
12
11
9
professor x
boob
comethru
14
13
12
turdley
lauren
Biggie Smalls
9
7
6
wong
29
lookbehined you
12
12
12
ChadSwagHake
ilovemaryjane
kiki
12
naww