Warm-up (8/28 & 8/29)
• Last half of your notebook OR sheet of paper
“WARM-UPS #1” and YOUR NAME
Put today’s date in the margin
Write Questions and Answers
1. What is the most important safety rule?
2.What does a beaker look like when it is hot?
3.What do you think a good scientific experiment
should include?
SAFETY QUIZ NEXT CLASS!
Today
•
•
•
•
•
Attendance/ Seating Charts
Lab Safety
Black Boxes
Tricky Tracks
Checks Lab
HW
• Controlled Experiment WS
• Study For Safety Quiz
– Flinn Contract
– Appendix B – back of Bio book
Homework
WRITE THIS DOWN!
Overall Safety Themes
• Always follow the teacher’s directions
and/or the instructions of the lab
• If there is a problem, always tell a teacher
• Never use anything unlabeled or not
designated for lab
Safety in this lab
• Video
In this room
Never heat a liquid in a closed container
Stoppers are
OK if there
is no heat
No stoppers
More than one test
tube can be heated at
a time.
Pour acid into water.
Acid
H2O
Hot water bath – used for heating volatile
(easily flammable) liquids.
Hot plate
Ø
No volatile liquids
With a Bunsen burner
MSDS
Diamond Hazards
Scalpel hold like
a pencil.
Cut away from
yourself and
others.
Bacteria cultures
Culture only nonpathogen bacteria.
Nonpathogen means NOT disease causing
All cultures must be disposed of by the teacher.
Pipette –precise measurement
for tiny amounts
Micropipette
Dropper pipette –
Measurement not
precise
Graduated Cylinder
Graduated cylinder – measures volume in
milliliters, ml.
Meniscus – Curve of liquid. Measure from the
bottom of the curve.
Today
• Objectives:
– What is Science?
– What is within the realm of Science?
– What is the difference between an
observation and an inference?
• Relevance:
– Our definition of Science will direct us
throughout the year
Mystery Boxes
• Each box has a vertical barrier(s) inside of
it
• Your job is to figure out the configuration
of it
• Have 1 recorder in the group to record
– Any guesses
– Any thought process you went through to
prove (disprove) each guess
– Final configuration
Sample configurations
Hole in the middle
Sample configurations
3, 4
2
1, 5, 10
Hole in the middle
8, 9
6,7
Mystery Box
• As you gather more information,
explanations/answers may change.
• This is how Science works!
• Over the next couple of days, we are
going to define what Science really is and
use this definition throughout the year.
Before we get going, let’s take a
look back
Black Boxes
We can’t see inside, so we
guess how it works based on
what goes in and what
comes out
1 black box after another
400 BC: Hippocrates and the
4 Humours
• Blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm
• Believed that sickness was caused by an
imbalance in the humours
• Led to blood letting and medicines that
induced vomiting and bowel movements
Maternal Imprintation
• Believed that thoughts a pregnant woman
had would be transferred to her child
Spontaneous Generation
• Believed that living organisms could arise
from non-living matter
Led to recipes for organisms
• Making a scorpion
1. Place basil between 2
bricks
2. Place the bricks in sunlight
3. Wait
It was believed
that cockroaches
were formed from
crumbs on the
bakery floor!
200AD – Galen (physician in Rome)
•Knew heart pumped blood
•Thought the heart irrigated the
organs with
blood and made knew blood all
the time
•This idea was taught for 1500
years
1700’s – William Harvey
• Discovered blood was pumped in a
continuous circuit
• Calculated that it was impossible for the
heart to make 540 pounds of blood that it
pumps in 1 hour
• Coupled logical reasoning with calculation
of an unobservable activity which led to
more advances in Science
So have we answered all of
life’s big questions?
Perception Activity
Make observations
Figure 7
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
• Observation – something experienced
through the 5 senses (Ex. There are 2 sets
of tracks – 1 larger than the other)
• Inference – using prior knowledge to
further explain the presence of an
observation (Ex. The larger track was
made by a larger bird)
– Different inferences can be drawn from the
same observations
– Inferences can become the basis of a
hypothesis
Checks Lab
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Draw 3 checks out of the envelope
Write initial hypothesis in notebook
Draw 3 more checks
Write hypothesis # 2 (should be # 2)
Draw 3 more checks
Write hypothesis # 3
Draw out the remainder of the checks
Write a conclusion
Wrap-up
• Some things aren’t always as they seem.
• We must be careful not to classify
inferences as observations.
• We must frequently re-evaluate our
inferences as new information comes to
light.
DAY THREE
Warm-up (8/29 & 8/30)
Continue Warm Ups below the last one
Write QUESTION and ANSWER or RESTATE the Q
1. Write down one OBSERVATION you make
in this classroom.
2. Write an INFERENCE that you make based
on the above observation.
3. True or False: Eye glasses are acceptable
as protective eye-ware in the lab.
HW
• Science Knowledge Survey
• Read Section 1-1
• Bring in supplies (esp. paper towels!)
Today
•
•
•
•
Safety Quiz
Checks lab wrap up
Review I/O HW
Science Sorting Activity  what IS science?
Safety Quiz
#12:
Lubricant
#21: Cross out Question and Mark ABCDE
on Scantron
#’s 22-35: T (A) or F (B)
#33: Read “all chemical/ biohazardous labs”
Checks Activity
• Collect data from ALL checks
• Final Conclusions
• You will share your story with the class
Checks - Wrap-up
• Some things aren’t always as they seem.
• We must be careful not to classify
inferences as observations.
• We must frequently re-evaluate our
inferences as new information comes to
light.
Observation/ Inference WS
Activity
• As a group, take the statements in the
envelope and organize into groups as you
see fit
• Be ready to explain why you put them in
the groups that you did
• You have 5 minutes
What is Science?
• As a table, pick one of the statements from
the last activity and justify whether or not it
is science
• Whiteboard your rational using multiple
evidences to support your claim
Today 9/3 & 9/4
•
•
•
•
No warm up today
Go over Science Knowledge Survey
CONPTT and Experimental Design Notes
Design and run Quicker Picker Upper Lab
• BIEL: TAKE ATTENDANCE!!
Evaluate Your NOS Understanding
• Nature of Science Knowledge Survey
– Take 5 minutes to individually complete the
NOS survey
– Use a star
to mark 3 statements you
answered with confidence or certainty
– Use a question mark ? to mark 3 statements
you are unsure of or require further
clarification
• Science Knowledge Survey
• Design Quicker Picker Upper Lab
Criteria for Science
CONPTT
• Consistent
• Observable
• Natural
• Predictable
• Testable
• Tentative
Source: Evolution and Nature of Science Institute (ENSI) www.indiana.edu/~ensiweb
– Consistency:
• repeated results
or observations
– Observability:
• event or
evidence can be
perceived using
human senses
– Natural:
• observable
causes explain
how and why
events occur
– Predictability:
• observation or
extension of data
can forecast a
future event
– Testability:
• predictions can be
tested using
scientific methods
– Tentativeness
• Science is a
dynamic
• Revisions,
corrections, or
disproval of
theories occurs as
new information
and technology
becomes available
Conclusion
• Science is limited
Experimental Design
How do you know she’s a witch?
THE QUICKER PICKER
UPPER
• Purpose:
–To investigate how science
works
–To demonstrate knowledge
of correct lab report format
Pre-lab to turn-in: 1 sheet per group
Write a definition of “Quicker picker upper”
Write the problem for the experiment
Write a hypothesis for the experiment
List the materials/equipment that will be
used
5. Draw/list the steps of the procedure
6. Create the data tables that will be needed
7. Put all names of group members on the
paper
1.
2.
3.
4.
After 3 trials…
• Calculate the average
• Assess the data and write a conclusion
(several sentences… is hyp true or not,
support with data… use terms/ vocab from
the lab…)
• Clean up your lab table and return
supplies
• Come back to your desk and begin the
Simpson’s homework
Big Bang Theory
An experiment needs:
•To test only one variable
•All other variables are constant
•Example: To test which fertilizer is the most effective,
the variable is the type of fertilizer.
•What should you keep constant?
An experiment needs:
• Control Group – Where all factors
are standard or kept the same. This
is the group to which you compare
your experimental group
• Experimental (Variable) Group – All
conditions are kept constant EXCEPT
for the variable
Experiment
A
B
C
D
What group is the control group?
An experiment needs:
• Independent (Manipulated)
Variable – The factor that you
deliberately change (fertilizer)
• Dependent (Responding) Variable
– The factor that changes in response
to the manipulated variable (plant
growth)
An experiment needs:
•Data- the more trials or the larger the
sample size, the more reliable your data
will be.
•Quantitative- numerical data
•Qualitative- descriptive data
•Your data will need to be organized so
that the result is clear.
Data Collections
Beaker
Test Tube
Pipette
Which is the most
precise?
Graduated
Cylinder
Meniscus
• Accurate- the ability of a measurement to
match the actual quantity being measured
– The true value
• Precision – exactness; repeatability
– I measured the volume 10 times and got the
same value each time.
– This is why we run multiple trials
An experiment needs…
• Conclusions- your experimental results
need to be communicated to
•Hypothesis- the prediction and the thinking
behind your prediction… TESTABLE
•For example: Fertilizer A will be the most
effective in aiding plant growth because it
contains the most nutrients.
•Theory- after many hypotheses have been
tested and have not been proven incorrect,
the hypotheses will become a part of a
theory.
• Theory– How have you heard this word used in “the
real world”?
– Why is it important that we know the
scientific definition?
• Law- a mathematical explanation of a
repeated occurrence (F=ma, etc.)
Simpsons Worksheet
Warm Up 9/5 & 9/6
1. What does CONPTT stand for (6 words)?
2. Can science explain supernatural
phenomena? Why or why not?
3. True or False: scientific theories can be
revised.
4. What can you rely on to make
observations?
HW
• Graphing WS
• Read Appendix A and section 1-2
Today
• Go over Simpson’s HW
• Study for Quiz #1 (5 min) – CONPTT,
observation vs. inference
• QUIZ #1
• Finish Expt’l design and graphing notes
• Start Graphing HW
Simpson WS answers
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
Check your answers – Simpsons w/s
Group B – no special juice
Being given special juice or not
# of stacks of paper made (productivity)
The special juice did not increase
productivity
Experiment 2
6. The shower was covered with slime
7. The half of the shower sprayed with
water
8. coconut juice vs water (type of liquid
applied)
9. The appearance of the green slime
(growth)
10. The coconut juice did not stop the growth
of the green slime
Experiment 3
11. Mice not exposed to microwaves
12. Presence or absence of microwaves
13. Ability to push the block of wood out of
the way (strength)
14. Microwaves do not increase the strength
of the mice (Inconclusive)
15. Larger sampling
Experiment 4
16. Subject A with the original itching
powder
17. Type of itching powder
18. Time that each person itches
19. Yes, itchiness increased 50% (30 to 45
minutes)
Experiment 5
Control - Person(s) without Rogooti
Independent Variable - Presence or
absence of Rogooti (type of hair product)
Dependent Variable - Growth rate of hair
Quiz #1
• Quiz will begin in 5 min. You may study
until then.
• Turn it in at my desk when finished.
An experiment needs:
• Control Group – Where all factors
are standard or kept the same. This
is the group to which you compare
your experimental group
• Experimental (Variable) Group – All
conditions are kept constant EXCEPT
for the variable
Experiment
A
B
C
D
What group is the control group?
An experiment needs:
• Independent (Manipulated)
Variable – The factor that you
deliberately change (fertilizer)
• Dependent (Responding) Variable
– The factor that changes in response
to the manipulated variable (plant
growth)
An experiment needs:
•Data- the more trials or the larger the
sample size, the more reliable your data
will be.
•Quantitative- numerical data
•Qualitative- descriptive data
•Your data will need to be organized so
that the result is clear.
Data Collections
Beaker
Test Tube
Pipette
Which is the most
precise?
Graduated
Cylinder
Meniscus
An experiment needs…
• Conclusions- your experimental results
need to be communicated to
•Hypothesis- the prediction and the thinking
behind your prediction… TESTABLE
•For example: Fertilizer A will be the most
effective in aiding plant growth because it
contains the most nutrients.
•Theory- after many hypotheses have been
tested and have not been proven incorrect,
the hypotheses will become a part of a
theory.
=well-tested and supported explanation
for natural events
• Theory– How have you heard this word used in “the
real world”?
– Why is it important that we know the
scientific definition?
• Law- a mathematical explanation of a
repeated occurrence (F=ma, etc.)
Graphing Rules
•
•
•
•
Title (Y vs. X)
Axis labeled with units
DRY MIX
Correct type of graph
– Line graph is generally used to show trends
• Usually (not always) over time
– Bar graph is generally used to show quantities
– Pie graph used to show parts of the whole
Warm Up 9/9 & 9/10
1. What type of graph should you use to
depict a gradual change in height of a
plant over time?
2. List as many characteristics as you can
think of that all living things share.
HW
• Read Sections 1-3 & 1-4
• Study for Quiz #2
– Study: Experimental Design and Graphing
Notes, Simpson’s HW, Graphing HW
• NOTE: There will NOT be a Scientific Method WS to
complete tonight.
Today
• Go over graphing HW
• Go over Quiz #1
• Notes: Characteristics of Life (Quiz #3
material)
• Formal Lab Report Instructions
Biology
The Study of Life
Themes and Concepts
Characteristics of Life
1. The CELL is the smallest unit of life
a. Unicellular – one-celled
Ex: bacteria, protists, yeast (a
fungus)
b. Multicellular – many-celled
Ex: Most fungi, plants, animals
Unit 2- Overview of Life
2. All Cells contain
Genetic Material (THINK: DNA)
• All traits of an
organism are
determined by DNA
(in some rare cases,
RNA)
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Prok’s vs. Euks
Prokaryotic cells
• Simple
• Unicellular
• NO nucleus
• No membranebound organelles
– EX: BACTERIA
Eukaryotic cells
• Complex
• Uni- or Multicellular
• DNA stored in nucleus
• Have MBO’s (like
mitochondria &
chloroplasts)
– Ex: Everything bUT
bacteria
If multicellular:
Cells work together to form…
Tissue – cells working together
to perform some function
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Organs – different types of
tissues functioning together
for a specific purpose
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Organ Systems – several
organs working together
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Cells
Tissues
Levels of
organization
Organs
Organ Systems
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Levels of
Organization
3. All living things need to obtain and
use ENERGY
Unit 2- Overview of Life
4. All living things respond to
external stimuli
1. Response – reaction to a stimulus
2. Stimulus – any condition in the
environment that requires an organism to
adjust
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Responds to environment
EX: Homeostasis – regulation of an
organism’s internal environment so that
conditions necessary for life remain
constant and stable.
Homeo= same
stasis= state
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Ex. When you are thirsty or hungry, your
body “says” drink water or eat food to
maintain balance.
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Responds to environment:
Change over time
Ex: Adaptation – any structure, behavior, or
internal process that enables an organism to
respond to stimuli and better survive in an
environment
Each beak is
adapted to the
type of food it
eats.
Unit 2- Overview of Life
5. All living things grow &
develop
Growth – increase in size
 Development – change in shape or form
Unit 2- Overview of Life
6. All living things reproduce*
*Not necessary for the survival of an
individual!
Necessary for the survival of a species
Unit 2- Overview of Life
Characteristics of life
1. Cells
2. Reproduce
3. Growth/
development
4. Genetic code
5. Energy
acquisition
and utilization
6. Responds to
external
stimuli
Formal Lab Instructions