1.
Give one example of an adaptation and explain why it is an adaptation.
2.
Define evolution by natural selection.
 3. Give an example of geographic isolation.
 4. How are convergent and divergent evolution different?

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Catalyst (5 minutes)
Unit 1 tracking/mastery slips (10 minutes)
Speciation Beach Ball review (If time)
Evidence of Evolution: Part 1 (20 minutes)
ThinkTacToe (15 minutes)
Homework:
 DBA #5: 9/29
 Honors: 9 weeks project due September
26 th (THIS FRIDAY)

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Office hours tomorrow
Dojo review tomorrow
Lab Wednesday
Binder quiz this week ;)
6 th period prize

 3 standards:
 Flow of Matter
 Population Graphing
 Human impact, succession, and biogeochemical cycles combined
 Mastery levels/Tracker shading
 Process for grade recovery

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What determines which organisms survive and which do not?
Do species ever change?

 Crawlers from The Descent
 Humanoid
 Cave-dwelling
 Blind
 No pigment
 Moist skin
 Incredible grip/climbing abilities
 Bat-like ears
 Echolocation
 Carnivorous (raw meat)

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Are the crawlers a valid example of natural selection?
What are their adaptations?
Are they favorable?
Is it believable?

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Cave dwelling organisms
(Troglobites)
Instead of
“gaining” favorable adaptations, they lose adaptations they no longer need.

Divergent evolution
Speciation
Species
Convergent evolution
Geographic isolation
Reproductive isolation
Common ancestor

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SPI 3210.5.3 Recognize the relationships among environmental change, genetic variation, natural selection, and the emergence of a new species.
SWBAT identify the various forms of evidence supporting evolution
SWBAT explain how homologous structures demonstrate common ancestry (relatedness) and support evolutionary theory
SWBAT identify examples of vestigial structures and explain how vestigial structures provide evidence supporting evolution

Biology
Unit 2
Chapter 15, Section 2

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Evolution by natural selection is considered the best scientific explanation for the existence and diversity of life
 Scientific= testable & observable
 Keep in mind that science cannot prove or explain everything, however
Scientists use many forms of scientific evidence in support of evolution

 We will focus on 4 forms of evidence
 Fossils
 Homologous structures
 Vestigial structures
 DNA and amino acid sequencing

 Definition: Structures with similar composition,
placement and form but different functions
 Examples: Human arm, cat leg, horse leg, dolphin flipper, and bat wing

 How do homologous structures provide evidence in support of evolution?
 Homologous structures suggest that organisms evolved from and share a
common ancestor because of their similar bone structure and placement.
 They have different functions because each species adapted to different environments

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What about structures with the same function?
Analogous structures are structures that evolved in unrelated species, but have the
 same function in different organisms
Example: Bird wings vs. insect wings
They are found in unrelated species that only use them for similar functions.
 These DO NOT provide evidence of evolution

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Mammals and insects both use their legs to walk. However, their limbs are made of different types of tissues and these organisms are not closely related.
These are analogous structures

 Definition: Structures with little or no
known function in one organism but known to have a significant function in other organisms
 Examples: Snake pelvis, Kiwi wings, human appendix

 How do vestigial structures provide evidence in support of evolution?
 These structures suggest that a species evolved because they are known to have
important functions in other organisms, so they likely did in an ancestor of the species

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You must complete at least 5 THINK boxes.
Regular: You must complete one box in each column. (i.e. 1 from T, 1 from H, 1 from I, etc.)
You may choose ANY boxes in the column.
(Honors: 3 of your boxes must be from the
“N” or “K” columns.)
On your own sheet of paper, write whatever column and your answer in COMPLETE
SENTENCES

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Honors 9 weeks projects
Office hours

1. A flock of one species of birds arrives on a group of sparsely populated islands. With little or no competition, different species of birds evolve from the original species. Each species is adapted to a different available food source. This is an example of: a. Divergent evolution
2. What is the best evidence to support the relationship of the modern whale to the ancestor in its evolutionary path? a. The presence of a tail in the ancestral whale b. The observation that both animals have teeth c. The observation that both animals live in the water d. The presence of rudimentary hip b. Convergent evolution bones in the whale c. Dynamic equilibrium d. Graduated equilibrium

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Catalyst: 5 minutes
Evidence of Evolution, part 2: 15 minutes
Manipulatives: 25 minutes
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Homework:
Evidence for Evolution Homework
Unit 2 Study Guide due Monday
Honors 1 st 9 weeks projects due FRIDAY
DBA #5: 9.29

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Mastery grades/Mastery packets
No grade slip?
Unit 2 test on MONDAY
Dojo review today

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What determines which organisms survive and which do not?
Do species ever change?

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SPI 3210.5.3 Recognize the relationships among environmental change, genetic variation, natural selection, and the emergence of a new species.
SWBAT identify the various forms of evidence supporting evolution
SWBAT explain how homologous structures demonstrate common ancestry (relatedness) and support evolutionary theory
SWBAT identify examples of vestigial structures and explain how vestigial structures provide evidence supporting evolution

Biology
Unit 2

 http://science.nationalgeographic.com/scienc e/prehistoric-world/prehistoric-time-line/

 Definition: Preserved
remains or imprints of organisms that are found in various levels of the earth
 Bones, shells, imprints, etc.
 Older fossils are found deeper in the earth; newer fossils are found near the earth’s surface

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How does the fossil record provide evidence of evolution?
Many fossils are intermediate forms, whose features show a transition from ancient species to modern species
 Features are in between those of ancient and modern organisms
This suggests that many species of organisms have gradually changed over time
 Evolution

OLDER
MODERN

 Definition: Comparison of all of the genes (genome) found in different species of organisms
 Example: Human vs. chimpanzee DNA
 Comparisons can be of actual “base pairs” (the rungs of the DNA ladder) or
“protein sequences”

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DNA is the code for all living things. Think of it like blueprints.
The “code” is written in sequences of base pairs.
These base pairs are codes for amino acids.
Amino acids make up proteins-the building blocks of life.
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The instruction manual is the blueprint for a Lego kit.
The instruction manual is written in an alphabet.
This instruction manual tells you what Lego pieces to put together.
These Lego pieces make structures which make the whole project.

 How does DNA sequencing provide evidence of evolution?
 DNA sequencing shows many similarities in the genome (all of the genes) of different species
 Species with higher percentages of their DNA
(genome) in common are thought to be more
closely related and to share a common ancestor

 Which two species are most closely related?
 Species 1 and 3
Species
Species 1
Species 2
Species 3
Species
DNA Sequence
ACT GGT CCA
ACT GGC TCA
ACT GTT CCA
ACC GGT CTA

 Which two species are most closely related?
 Species 3 and 4
Species
Species 1
Species 2
Species 3
Species 4
DNA Sequence
CCC GTG ATC TTA
CTC GGG ATC TCA
CCG TGG ATC TCA
CCG TTG ATG TCA

 Which of the following is the best definition of analogous structures?
A.
B.
C.
Structures that evolved in unrelated species but have the same function
Structures with little or no known function in one species but an important function in other species
Structures with similar form and placement but different functions
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D.
Structures left behind in various layers of the Earth
Answer: A.

 Which of the following is the best definition of homologous structures?
A.
B.
C.
Structures that evolved in unrelated species but have the same function
Structures with little or no known function in one species but an important function in other species
Structures with similar form and placement but different functions
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D.
Structures left behind in various layers of the Earth
Answer: C.

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Ostriches have wings even though they do not fly. What type of structures are the ostrich wings?
Why do scientists suggest ostriches have wings?
 Answer: Vestigial structures; because they were used (function) in an ancestor species

 The structures below are similar in form but have different functions in different species.
What type of structure are they?
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Why are they different?
Answer: Homologous structures; the species adapted to different environments

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The pictures below show fossils of related species. The fossil on the right was found deeper in the earth than the one on the left.
Which species is thought to be older?
Which species is thought to have evolved more recently?

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Sort the cards into 4 piles—one for
Homologous Structures, one for Analogous
Structures, one for Vestigial Structures, and one for Fossils
Check your piles with Ms. M when complete
Then begin on your homework

 You need your Active Expression and your notes.
 Have your homework on your desk.

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Catalyst (15 minutes)
Evolution Stations (25 minutes)
Closing (Remainder)
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th
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Mastery packets
Honors article

 Define evolution.
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A. The emergence of a new species from an existing species.
B. The theorectical viewpoint on how the Earth was created.
C. Change in a population over time.
D. A and C

 Define speciation.
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A. The emergence of a new organism.
B. The emergence of a new population of organisms in a given area.
C. The emergence of a new species.
D. The emergence of individuals.

 Octopi are able to change color and texture to blend in with their environments. What type of adaptation is this AND what environmental factor contributes to this adaptation?

Male peacocks with the most colorful tail feathers are most likely to finding a mate.
Female peacocks choose mates based on the color of their tail feathers. In reality, not all males have bright, large tails, and this was especially true a few thousand years ago. Females are not likely to choose those males as mates. Predict which tail feathers the majority of the male peacock population have today using the four principles of natural selection. (Options:
BRIGHT or DULL)

 Define divergent evolution.
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A. the formation of a new, more similar species
B. The development of a new population
C. The development of similar adaptations in unrelated species
D. The development of multiple new species from a common ancestor.

 Rainbow trout spawn
(reproduce) in the spring.
Brown trout spawn in the fall. These two types of organisms are not able to mate and not the same species. Is this an example of geographic or
reproductive isolation?

A forest fire causes the permanent separation of a group of deer from their native population, causing the small group to interbreed only with one another. Over time, the group becomes an entirely different species.
 Is this a result of geographic or reproductive isolation?

 Ducks and platypuses both have bills and webbed feet.
However, they are not related. Is this an example of convergent or divergent evolution?

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Darwin studied finches on the Galapagos Islands.
These birds had evolved different beaks to eat the different available food on different islands.
Convergent or divergent evolution?

 Give an example of two homologous structures.

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What determines which organisms survive and which do not?
Do species ever change?
How do scientists believe all of the species that exist today were formed?
What evidence is there to support evolution?

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How we rotate
Work
Expectations

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Unit 2 exam on Monday
Unit 2 study guide due on Monday
Honors 9 week projects