Thermodynamics II
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Contact information
Educate.spsu.edu
SPSU e-mail
“tt”
Syllabus
Power Point
Class Schedule
Thermodynamics II
 Outcomes
 Credits
 Text: M&S 6th or 7th Edition
Thermodynamics II
 Learn A
 A basis for learning B
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Read text
Examples
Homework
Questions
Practice
Thermodynamics II
 Principles → working equations → applications
• Thermo I: lots of principles & some working
equations
• Thermo II: some working equations & lots of
applications
Thermodynamics II
 No cookbook
 Orderly/logical approach
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Read carefully
Describe system
Sketch
Assumptions
Principles & working equations
Solve
• Reasonable
Thermodynamics II
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Read
Type of system
Type of working fluid
Type of process
Thermodynamics II
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Assumptions – reasonable
Steady state
Ideal gas
Incompressible liquid
 KE & PE often negligible
Solve Equation
 Include units
 Consistent unit system
 Significant digits
Thermodynamics II
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Reasonable
Make sense?
Sign
Units
Magnitude
Thermodynamics II
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“Heat strength”
Energy transformations
Transportation
Comfort
Manufacturing
Energy usage
 Effective – thermodynamics
understanding
 Costs
 Pollution
 Resource conservation
Thermodynamics II
 Energy usage ~10+% income
24 %
Nuclear Power
 SPSU: Nuclear Power Generation &
Training sessions.
Thermodynamics Basics
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Systems
Closed
Open
Processes
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Isothermal
Isobaric
Isometric
Adiabatic
Isentropic
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Polytropic
Thermodynamics Basics
 Working fluid: changes phase
processes
• Steam
• R134a
• R22
• NH3
• Propane
Working Fluid – phase change
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Property tables
State diagram: pressure & volume
Compressed liquid
Saturated liquid
Vapor dome – quality
Saturated vapor
Superheated vapor
Working Fluid – phase change
 Properties: P, T, v, u, h, s
Working fluid
 No phase change: ideal gas
 Ideal gas law
 Caloric equations for u & h: constant
specific heats
 Variable specific heats: table for air
as ideal gas
Thermodynamic basics
 State – defined by properties
 Process – described by change of
state
First Law of Thermodynamics
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Conservation of mass & energy
Closed system:
Heat: direction & magnitude
Work: direction & magnitude
Kinetic energy: property
Potential energy: property
Internal energy: property
First Law of Thermodynamics
 Open system: control volume
 Additional: flow energy
* Internal energy u for CLOSED SYSTEM
* enthalpy: h = u+pv for OPEN SYSTEM
Cycles
 Two or more processes in series
which return working fluid to its initial
state
 Heat engine
 Reversed cycle
Heat engine
 Thermal efficiency
Reversed cycle
 Coefficient of performance
Reversed cycle
 COP cooling (β): refrigeration & air
conditioning
 COP heating(): heat pump
Ideal cycle
 Carnot: ideal cycles with no wasted
energy.
 Ideal COP
• Cooling
• Heating
Assignment
 3.129 & 3.130
 4.43 & 4.45
QUESTIONS
Examples
 8.2
 8.17
 8.29