LTAD 101
Training to Train Stage
Istvan Balyi
National Sport Centre Vancouver – Victoria
Sport Canada and sports coach UK
LTAD Advisor
« La définition de la folie, c’est refaire toujours la
même chose en s’attendant à un résultat différent. »
Albert Einstein
“The definition of insanity is doing the same
thing over and over again and expecting
different results.”
Albert Einstein
Seven
Stages
of
Long-Term
Athlete
Development
Active Start
FUNdamental
Learning to Train
Training to Train
Training to Compete
Training to Win
Active for Life
Training to Train
Developmental Age – onset of PHV
Males: 12-16 Females: 11-15
Building engine
and
sport specific skills
Training to Train
Sport requirements: V.B. Midget
(Cardinal, 2007)
Training to Train: performance factors
relative importance
30%
5%
motor conditioning
15%
physical cond.
techniques
10%
40%
psychological qual.
tactics/str.
Physical, Mental / Cognitive
and
Emotional Development
Athlete Development and Support
Programmes
Athelet
Development
Support system - Knowledge base
Budget
T2W
T2C
T 2T
FUNdamental
ATP – Advanced Training & Performance
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chronological age
Relative age
Biological age
Skeletal age
Developmental age
Training age
Sport-specific training age
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
• If one year can have such an
impact, what about 2, or 3 or 4 or 5
years of difference???
• Athletes can be 4 – 5 years apart in
developmental age!
How old is a 14 year
old ?
Irish boxers – 14 years old
60kg., 40 kg., and 50 kg.
Relative increase per year
Peak Height Velocity & Peak Bone Mass Growth & PSV
Males
Females
PSV
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PSV
16
18
20
Age (years)
Adapted from Tanner, 1978 & Kahn, 1999
Factor # 5
Trainability
140
A
B
C
D
120
100
Genital Developm ent
Gener al Developm ent
Neur al Developm ent
A FUNdam ental
B Tr aining to Tr ain
C Tr aining to Com pete
D Tr aining to Win
80
60
40
20
Age 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0
“Windows of Optimal Trainability”
•
•
•
•
Adaptation and trainability
Accelerated adaptation to training
“Critical” or “Sensitive” Periods
The 5 S’s of training is a good framework
to overview the windows
Magnitude of training response
‘Fast’ & ‘large’ response
‘Slow’ & ‘large’ response
‘Fast’ & ‘small’ response
‘Slow’ & ‘small’ response
Time course of training response
Variation in trainability.
(Adapted from work by Bouchard et al., 1997)
Literature
• Armstrong, N. and Welsman, J. Young
People and Physical Activity. Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 1997.
• Bar-Or, O. ed. The Child and Adolescent
Athlete. London, Blackwell Scientific
Publications, 1996.
• FIG – Age Group Development Program (CD)
(Far the best overview of the trainability
literature)
• Viru at al. Age periods of accelerated
improvement of muscle strength, power,
speed and endurance in age interval 6 – 18
years. Biology of Sport, Warsaw, V.15(4), pp.
211 – 27, 1998.
•Viru et.al. Age periods of accelerated improvements
of muscle strength, power, speed and endurance in
the age intervals of 6 – 18 years.
• 31 studies and 11 reviews
• Cross sectional studies, number of subjects 83 to
21175
• Longitudinal studies 65 to 90
• Age range 6 to 18 years
• Clearly defined endurance, strength and speed
windows
Sensitive periods for development of motor abilities
in young swimmers (Schramm at al., 1984)
Boys
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Coordination/agility
Rapidness/motor reaction
Speed of locomotions
Extensive aerobic endurance
Intensive aerobic endurance
General strength endurance
Rapid strength [small resistance]
Maximal Strength
Special strength endurance
Girls
Coordination/agility
Rapidness/motor reaction
Speed of locomotions
Extensive aerobic endurance
Intensive aerobic endurance
General strength endurance
Rapid strength [small resistance]
Maximal Strength
Special strength endurance
Sensitive periods for development of motor abilities in young
swimmers (Vorontsov, Solomatin, Sidorov, 1986, 1988)
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Coordination/Agility
Flexibility/Mobility
Aerobic Capacity
Aerobic Pow er
Anaerobic Abilities
Speed/Strength
Maximal Strength
General Strenghth Endurance
Special Strength Endurance
Pulling Force
Girls
Coordination/Agility
Flexibility/Mobility
Aerobic Capacity
Aerobic Pow er
Anaerobic Abilities
Speed/Strength
Maximal Strength
General Strenghth Endurance
Special Strength Endurance
Pulling Force
Trainability
• Based on chronological age:
–
–
–
Skill
Speed
Suppleness
• Based on developmental age
–
–
Stamina
Strength
• Biological markers
–
–
–
onset of PHV
PHV
onset of menarche
“Reactive Periodization”
Developmental age - PHV
•
•
•
•
How to measure ?
What to measure ?
When to measure ?
What tools to use for
the measurements ?
• Who should measure ?
• How to administer
measurement data ?
Measuring and interpreting PHV
( How to PHV ? )
Adolescent Growth Spurt
PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY (PHV)
Croissance soudaine a la puberté
Pic de croissance rapide soudaine
Phases of Measurement
Phase
1
25
Phase
2
Phase
3
Phase
4
Phase
5
Phase
6
Very Rapid Growth
20
Very rapid deceleration
CM
15
Rapid deceleration
Rapid growth
10
Slow deceleration
5
Cessation of growth
Steady growth
0
1
Age
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Recommended procedure
• Phase 3: From the onset of PHV to PHV
– Rapid growth until peak is reached
– Measure standing height, sitting heights
and arm span every 3 month
– Measure height and weight on birthday –
for the family or personal record
Recommended procedure
• Phase 4: From PHV to Slow Deceleration
– Rapid deceleration
– Measure standing height, sitting heights
and arm span every 3 month
– Measure height and weight on birthday –
for the family or personal record
Stamina / Endurance
Trainability in Weight-Bearing Sports
Stamina
Trainability in Non-Weight-Bearing Sports
Stamina
Development Age of two 14 year old
• Vulnerability
(Stein, 2002)
•Coachwise sportscoach UK
•“How to PHV ?”
Chapter 1
Introduction & LTAD
If you don’t make
mistakes
you don’t learn!
Summary
• FUN
•
•
•
•
Sport-specific Volleyball skills
Still participate in other sports
Specialization toward the end of this stage
Trainability
– Aerobic capacity
– Strength toward the end of the stage
– Decision making training
• Breaking or making an athlete
• The importance of flexibility training
• Building the engine!
Questions ?