Presentation
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Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics __________________________________________________ Optical properties of human colon in the spectral range from 350 to 2500 nm Alexey N. Bashkatov*, Vladimir S. Rubtsov**, Ekaterina A. Kolesnikova*, Elina A. Genina*, Vyacheslav I. Kochubey*, Sergey V. Kapralov**, Yuri V. Chalyk**, Valery V. Tuchin* * Saratov State University ** Saratov State Medical University e-mail: a.n.bashkatov@mail.ru Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University Motivation: __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics Development of optical method in modern medicine in the areas of diagnostics, therapy and surgery has stimulated the investigation of optical properties of various biological tissues, since the efficacy of laser treatment depends on the photon propagation and fluence rate distribution within irradiated tissues The knowledge of tissue optical properties is necessary for the development of the novel optical technologies of photodynamic and photothermal therapy, optical tomography, optical biopsy, and etc. Numerous investigations related to determination of tissue optical properties are available however the optical properties of many tissues have not been studied in a wide wavelength range Goal of the study is to investigate the optical properties of human colon in the wavelength range 350-2500 nm Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Materials and Methods: __________________________________________________ Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics For this study twenty samples of human colon wall have been used. The samples keep in saline during 2-4 hour until spectrophotometric measurements at temperature 4-5°C. All the tissue samples has been cut into pieces with the area about 2525 mm. For mechanical support, the tissue samples have been sandwiched between two glass slides Measurement of the diffuse reflectance, total and collimated transmittance have been performed using a commercially available spectrophotometer LAMBDA 950 (PerkinElmer, USA) in the spectral range 350-2500 nm All measurements were performed at room temperature (about 20°C) For estimation of absorption and scattering coefficients, and anisotropy factor of the tissue the inverse Monte Carlo method was used Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Experimental setup Saratov State University ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics The geometry of the measurements in A) transmittance mode, B) reflectance mode. 1 - the incident beam (diameter 1-10 mm); 2 - the tissue sample; 3 - the entrance port (square 2516 mm); 4 - the transmitted (or diffuse reflected) radiation; 5 - the integrating sphere (IS) (inner diameter is 150 mm); 6 - the exit port (diameter 28 mm) The geometry of the collimated transmittance measurements. Diameter of the incident beam is 2 mm Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Inverse Monte Carlo (IMC) __________________________________________________ Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics The computer program package for determination of absorption and scattering tissue properties has been developed. This inverse Monte Carlo method based on the solution of direct problem by Monte Carlo simulation and minimization of the target function F a , s , g Rdexp Rdcalc a , s , g Tcexp Tccalc a , s , g Tt exp Tt calc a , s , g 2 2 2 with the boundary condition 0 g 0.98 To minimize the target function the Simplex method described in detail by Press et al in “Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing” (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) has been used. Iteration procedure repeats until experimental and calculated data are matched within a defined error limit (<0.1%). Here Rdexp, Ttexp, Tcexp, Rdcalc, Ttcalc, Tccalc are measured and calculated values of diffuse reflectance and total and collimated transmittance, respectively Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Inverse Monte Carlo __________________________________________________ Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics This method includes inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method developed by Prahl et al (Appl. Opt., 1993, Vol. 32(4), P. 559-568) and inverse Monte Carlo simulations. The IAD method is widely used in tissue optics for processing the experimental data of spectrophotometry with integrating spheres. This method allows one to determine the absorption and the reduced scattering coefficients of a turbid media from the measured values of the total transmittance and the diffuse reflectance. In these calculations the anisotropy factor can be fixed as 0.9, since this value is typical for tissues in the visible and NIR spectral ranges. Based on the obtained values of the tissue absorption and reduced scattering coefficients the inverse Monte Carlo calculations have been performed. The inverse method includes direct problem, i.e. Monte Carlo simulation, which takes into account the geometric and optical conditions (sample geometry, sphere parameters, refractive index mismatch, etc.), and solution of inverse problem, i.e. minimization of target function by an iteration method. In this study, we used Monte Carlo algorithm developed by L. Wang et al (Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Vol. 47, P. 131-146, 1995). The stochastic numerical MC method is widely used to model optical radiation propagation in complex randomly inhomogeneous highly scattering and absorbing media such as biological tissues. Usually the inverse Monte Carlo technique requires very extensive calculations since all sample optical parameters (absorption and scattering coefficients and anisotropy factor) unknown. To avoid the long time calculations as a guest values we used values of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained from calculations performed by IAD method. For final determination of the tissue absorption and scattering coefficients, and the tissue anisotropy factor minimization of the target function has been performed. Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Inverse Monte Carlo __________________________________________________ Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics The flow-chart of the inverse Monte Carlo method Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Results: __________________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics 1 0.1 0.01 1E-3 Rt Tt Tc 1E-4 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Wavelength, nm The typical spectra of sample of human colon wall. Rd is diffuse reflectance; Tt is total transmittance and Tc is collimated transmittance Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Results: __________________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics Absorption coefficient, 1/cm 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Wavelength, nm The absorption spectrum of the colon wall IS, IMC, data averaged for 20 samples Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University Results: __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics Reduced scattering coefficient, 1/cm 200 160 120 80 40 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Wavelength, 1/cm The reduced scattering coefficient spectrum of the colon wall IS, IMC, data averaged for 20 samples Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University Results: __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics Scattering coefficient, 1/cm 360 320 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Wavelength, nm The scattering coefficient spectrum of the colon wall IS, IMC, data averaged for 20 samples Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Results: __________________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics 1.0 Anisotropy factor 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Wavelength, nm The wavelength dependence of scattering anisotropy factor of the colon wall IS, IMC, data averaged for 20 samples Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University Monte Carlo simulation: __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics The scheme of laser irradiation of polyps in human colon Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Monte Carlo simulation: __________________________________________________ 50 Polyp Wall of colon Muscle 45 Absorption coefficient, 1/cm Department of Optics & Biophotonics 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Polyp Wall of colon Muscle 200 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Wavelength, nm 1.0 180 0.9 160 0.8 140 Anisotropy factor Scattering coefficient, 1/cm 220 120 100 80 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 60 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Wavelength, nm 0.3 0.2 200 The optical parameters used in the simulation Polyp Wall of colon Muscle 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 Wavelength, nm Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Monte Carlo simulation: __________________________________________________ 0.9 0.8 0.9 Polyp Wall of the colon Muscle 0.8 0.7 Absorbed fraction 0.7 Absorbed fraction Department of Optics & Biophotonics 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 Polyp Wall of the colon Muscle 400 1200 1600 2000 Wavelength, nm Wavelength, nm Height of the polypus is 1 mm 800 Height of the polypus is 2 mm The light fraction absorbed in different layers of the colon Saratov Fall Meeting 2012 Acknowledgement: __________________________________________________ Saratov State University ______________________________________________ Department of Optics & Biophotonics Grant #224014 Network of Excellence for Biophotonics (PHOTONICS4LIFE) of the Seventh Framework Programme of Commission of the European Communities Grants # 11-02-00560 and 12-02-92610-КО of Russian Foundation of Basis Research Russian Federation governmental contacts 02.740.11.0770, 02.740.11.0879, 11.519.11.2035, and 14.B37.21.0728 Saratov Fall Meeting 2012
