Making Mobile Backhaul 4G Ready
Delivering Transitional Mobile Backhaul
Solutions
Enabling Mobile Broadband
ADTRAN Mobile Backhaul Leadership
 Leadership in enabling mobile services over any access
– Dominant T1 backhaul provider in U.S.A.
– TDM (HDSLx), SONET(OPTI-6100), Ethernet (NetVanta/TA5000)
– Copper, Fiber, Microwave
 Focused on Ethernet backhaul for demanding IP services
– Ethernet over Fiber, GPON
– Resilient architectures
– Advanced Cos/ QoS features
 Innovation to drive down cost of delivering IP and legacy
services
–
–
–
–
Integrated tools/function to reduce cost
Automated installation processes
Simplified operational models
Packet/ Ethernet based timing
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
3
Mobile Broadband is here
10X bandwidth w/o corresponding profit
 Mobile TV is here
– i.TV 2.0 for iPhone coming
soon
– Enjoy full NBC videos on
your iPhone
– CBS releases TV.com
iPhone app
– Hulu coming to the iPhone?
TV program
watched on
Smart Phone
 4G technology being
deployed
– Rivals Wireline Broadband
speeds
– VzW deploying LTE
– Sprint/Clearwire WiMAX
– All WSP have 4G plans for
2010-2013
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Evolution from 2G  3G  4G
4
Mobile Broadband hammers Profitability
Data usage way up; disproportionate ARPU
 Revenue and OpEx were once
linear.
– Voice and text messages drove
majority of current revenue as
well as majority of backhaul
impact.
Traffic
Gap
Gap
between
between
traffic
Gap
between
traffic
traffic
revenue
andand
revenue
increases
 All you can Eat Pricing Models
drives demand to lower cost per
bit delivered to user
– Revenue per bit delivered is
driven to lowest levels.
– Significantly expand data
capacity to enable new devices,
services and applications 
ARPU growth
– LTE is 1st generation wireless
network built as a data network
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Revenues
Voice Dominant
Data Dominant
Source: Light Reading
5
Demand for Next-Gen Mobile Backhaul
Ethernet Access Missing link to Profitability
 Wireless (Mobile) Network Operators moving to Packetnetworks drive down Operational Cost
Core Networks and Applications Infrastructure have moved to
packet, IP/MPLS upgrades.
First Packet-based RF technologies being deployed at cell sites
 Mobile Backhaul Access last hold-out to All-Packet
Network Realization
LTE is Packet
Mobile Backhaul
(Access)
Connection
needs to be
Packet
IMS and EPC
are packet
100s or 1000s of
Base Stations
served
Mobile Telephone
Switching Offices
(MTSO)
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
6
Hybrid Backhaul Model
Baby step toward All-IP Convergence
 Key backhaul transformation required for 4G (LTE)
– LTE forecast to be 80%+ of traffic, 50 – 100Mbps required
– Desire to freeze, decouple TDM leased line growth
 Leaves Voice Network Undisturbed - Revenue Protection
– No changes to Network Timing, Operational Processes
Service
Cell Site
Access & Aggregation
Central Office/Mobile Core
Two Networks
TDM/SDH
PSTN
Circuit Core
2G
3G
4G
IP/Ethernet
Packet Core
PDSN
Cost /bit
Scale
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Access:
2G: T1/E1 (PDH)
3G: ATM IMA/PDH
3G: ML-PPP/PDH
4G: Ethernet over X
Backhaul
Aggregation:
2G: SDH/FIber
3G: ATM/SDH
3G: ML-PPP/SDH
4G: Ethernet over GE Fiber
Internet
HA
7
Key Attributes for an Ethernet NTU
Robust enough for Mobile Backhaul
 Low Cost/Scalable Bandwidth
– Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) – first choice
 4G/LTE Bandwidth, 100Mbps+
– 10x increase in data rate, 1Gbps through-put available
 Time to Market for Service Ubiquity,
– Every cell site must be served. 2011 launch
– EoF not everywhere, can use alternative EoX
 Allows Services Convergence
– Path to all-packet architecture
– Retire leased lines, integral sync capabilities
 SLA Management
– CoS support e.g. Real-time vs. Best-Effort
 Resiliency
– 99.99% service availability
 Hardened for cell site deployment

– Robust operating range, metallic interface protection
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
8
A Cell site is not a Wiring Closet
Flexible mounting/powering options
 In BTS or eNB enclosures
– Single RMU in size
 In CO or Street Cabinet
– NEBS, IEC compliance
 In uncontrolled environments
– Temperature hardened
 Near Tower
– Surge protected/isolated interfaces
e.g. cell site is a lightning rod
LTE eNB
 No space, rack or GR-487 cabinet
– Rack as well as wall mounting
options
– OSP options
 +24V & -48VDC powering options
OSP EAD
– Resilient, Dual feed powering
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
9
Fiber cell sites grow in all regions
1,000,000
Cell Sites (M)
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
CY07
CY08
North America
CY10
CY09
EMEA
CY11
CY12
Asia Pacific
CY13
CALA
The number and portion of cell sites with fiber grows in each region in each year
through 2013, and won’t stop there
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
10
EoCu, EoTDM, EoF, EoS equals EoX
Completing the customer reach puzzle
• EoCu – Ethernet over Copper
– Optimized bandwidth per loop
– Perfect for short to medium length loops
– Requires local deployments & loop access
• EoTDM – Ethernet over TDM
– Predictable bandwidth per circuit
– Time to Market effective deployments
– Minimizes CapEx by centralizing aggregation
platform
• EoF - Ethernet over Fiber
– Active Ethernet for higher rate business services
– PON for cost-effective SOHO service offer
• EoS - Ethernet over SONET/SDH
– Outstanding reputation
– Resiliency
– Proven TDM/Synchronization for mobile
backhaul
® Adtran, Inc. 2007
2010 All rights reserved
Proprietary and Confidential
11
Same service, Varied Deployments
10Mbps to 1Gbps Service Delivery
Mobile Exchange
BTS/Node B
Total Access 5000
Carrier Ethernet
Aggregation
NetVanta 838 OSP
NTU
Up to 8 pairs e.SDHSL Copper
Typical
10, 20, 30, 40Mbps
Carrier Ethernet
via GigE
Mobile Exchange
Total Access 5000
Carrier Ethernet
Aggregation
BTS/Node B
NetVanta 8044
Ethernet Access
Device (EAD)
Carrier
Ethernet
via GigE
100Mbps or GE Optical Fiber
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
12
Carrier Ethernet Service Coverage
Uncontrolled Environmental Conditions
• Key Application is Mobile Backhaul
• GR-487 Compliant Hardening and Environmental sealed
Outside Plant (OSP) Options
• Enhanced Protection (EP) for Lightning Isolation for WAN, LAN
and Power interfaces
• Environmental Alarming
NetVanta 838 EP
NetVanta 838 OSP
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
13
Key Attributes for an Ethernet NTU
Robust enough for Mobile Backhaul
 Low Cost/Scalable Bandwidth
– Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) – first choice
 4G/LTE Bandwidth, 100Mbps+
– 10x increase in data rate, 1Gbps through-put available
 Time to Market for Service Ubiquity,
– Every cell site must be served. 2011 launch
– EoF not everywhere, can use alternative EoX
 Allows Services Convergence
– Path to all-packet architecture
– Retire leased lines, integral sync capabilities
 SLA Management
– CoS support e.g. Real-time vs. Best-Effort
 Resiliency
– 99.99% service availability
 Hardened for cell site deployment
– Robust operating range, metallic interface protection
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
14
Mobile Backhaul Convergence
Service
Cell Site
Access & Aggregation
Central Office
Core
2G, 3G Voice
Clock Sync
IAD
PSTN
TDM/SONET
2G
EAD/NTE
3G
Internet
4G
Ethernet
TA5000
2G, 3G, 4G
Data
IAD
2G
3G
4G
PSTN
EAD/NTE
2G, 3G Voice
Clock Sync
2G, 3G
Voice
Internet
Ethernet
TA5000
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
2G, 3G, 4G
Data
15
Pseudowire and Circuit Emulation
Required for all-IP backhaul
 Bridge 2G, 3G services a.k.a Circuit Emulation or
Pseudowire
– ATM IMA (UMTS) support
– TDM (GSM, CDMA) support
– ML-PPP (EV-DO, HSPA) support
Packets carry block of T1 data and RTP stamp
 SAToP
– DS1 or E1 over Packet
– ITU Y.1453, RFC 4553, MEF 8
 CESoPSN
Pseudowire T1
Provider Edge
Provider Edge
Provider IP Network
Customer Edge
Attachment Circuit: T1
Customer Edge
Ethernet
CE Packet
CE Packet
CE Packet
CE Packet
CE Packet
CE Packet
Timing Reference
– DSO visibility
– ITU Y.1453, IETF pwe3-cesopsn, MEF 8
Timing Reference
Emulated T1
 ATM IMA over E1/T1
– Backhaul over SAToP
– ATM PW saves DCS ports
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
16
Traditional Network Timing Distro
Sync Networks Deliver … Sync. Very well. ;p
T1/E1
Secondary
Reference
Source
Primary
Reference
Source
GNSS/GPS
• Frequency
• Phase
• Time-of-Day
Traceability
SONET/SDH Network
SONET/SDH
SONET/SDH
or PDH
T1/E1
• Frequency
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
17
Three Aspects of Synchronization
 Frequency
– This is what SONET/SDH delivers today
– All that’s needed for the vast majority of network services
– Synchronous Ethernet is an excellent replacement for
SONET/SDH based sync distribution
 Phase
– Required by Time Division Duplex (TDD) based mobile solutions
– Beyond the capabilities of PHY based sync distribution
(SONET/SDH or SyncE)
– Today, typically delivered by GPS/Satellite
– 1588v2 can provide this requirement in band
 Time-of-Day
– Required for a CDMA2000 operation
– 1588v2 can provide this requirement in band
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
18
Key: Not Breaking the Sync Chain
Considerations of Migrating Standards
Timing Standard
SONET/SDH/PDH
Adaptive/Differential
Entire Path is Sync
Aware it delivers…
Frequency
Frequency
Synchronous Ethernet Frequency
GPS/Satellite
Frequency
Phase
1588v2
Time-of-Day
Frequency
Phase
Time-of-Day
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Implication of nonSync-aware node
Sync Path Broken
Not dependent on full
NE awareness to pass
sync
Sync Path Broken
Not dependent on full
NE awareness to pass
sync
Dependent upon
number of ‘unaware
hops’ and network
loading
19
Clock Synchronization/Recovery
Requirements
 Precision Timing Protocol defined by IEEE 1588v2
 Synchronous Ethernet defined by ITU-T G.8261/8262
 ADTRAN Differential and Adaptive timing methods defined by
ADTRAN pseudowire solution implementation/specifications
Table 1: Sync Requirements in Mobile Networks (ON-SITE* error limits)
Technology
Frequency
limit*
Phase limit
Time of Day Limit
GSM, WCDMA
FDD, LTE FDD
+/- 16 ppb on site
+/- 50 ppb on air
+/- 5 us Ref to BTS
+/- 10us BTS to BTS
None
WCDMA TDD,
LTE TDD
+/- 16 ppb on site
+/- 50 ppb on air
+/- 1.25us Ref to
BTS
+/- 2.5us BTS to BTS
None
WiMAX
+/- 16 ppb on site
+/- 50 ppb on air
+/- 1.0us BTS to BTS
None
CDMA
+/- 16 ppb on site
+/- 50 ppb on air
None
+/- 3.0 us
*Note: on-site (to the BTS/NodeB) limits shown not on air limits such as +/- 50 ppb
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
20
Service Assurance
Higher Availability Business Continuity
 SLA Attributes Considered
Small Business or
Suburban Base Station
– Long-term availability
– Switchover/recovery options
ITU-T G.998.2 EFM Bonding
with Redundant Loops
Remote Cabinet Aggregation
for Increased Copper
Data Rate
eSHDSL 1
eSHDSL 2
eSHDSL 3
eSHDSL 4
eSHDSL 5
eSHDSL 6
eSHDSL 7
Central Office/Exchange Aggregation at
Ethernet Point of Presence
eSHDSL 8
UNI
Multi-Tenant
Building
Ring Protection Switching
for Access Resiliency
Bonding
Group
Metro Base
Station
Fiber Access
 Enabling Standards/Technology
LACP for Network
Resiliency
– IEEE 802.3ad (LACP) Link Agg. Control Protocol
– ITU-T G.8032 (ERPS) Ethernet Ring Protection
– ITU-T G.998.2/IEEE 802.3ah Copper Bonding Protection
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
21
Quality of Experience (QoE)
Delivering Low Latency, Jitter
 ADTRAN Carrier Ethernet solutions incorporate the
following features to support latency sensitive traffic
requirements.
– Ingress traffic mapping/ prioritization based on port, customer
VLAN or p-bit marking.
– Up to 8 Class of Service queues per port
– Strict and Weighted Fair Queuing
– Priority based rate shaping on egress ports
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
22
Service Level Agreement Requirements
Table 2: SLA requirements for Mobile Networks (error limits)
SLA attribute
MUST support
SHOULD support
10
<5
+/- 1
+/- 1
2-way Latency (ms)
Jitter (ms)
BER & FER
10-9
&
10-6
10-11 & 10-7
99.99
99.999
MTTR (Hrs)
4
2
Failover (ms)
50(150 for Voice)
50
Availability (%)
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
23
CIR and EIR Bandwidth Profiles
Configurable, Guaranteed Connections
Total UNI Bandwidth
• Confugurable BW profiles per EVC
– CIR – Committed Information Rate
• Frame delivery obligation per SLA
– EIR – Excess Information Rate
• Excess frame delivery allowed
– not subject to SLA if available
– CBS, EBS - size of burst window (ms)
for allowed CIR / EIR rates
EVC2
EVC1
EIR
EVC3
 2 rate, 3 Colour marking
– Marking typically done at ingress port of service provider equipment
 Green Forwarded frames – CIR conforming traffic
 Yellow Discard Eligible frames – Over CIR , within EIR
 Red
Discarded frames – Exceeds EIR
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
24
Configurable Weighted Fair Queuing
Any set of 4 or 8 Queues (EF, 2 or 6 AF, BE)
TA5000 AM and NV8044M
Ingress
Ports
User-1
Classifier
User-2
Classifier
.
.
.
User-N
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
.
.
.
Classifier
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Configurable for up
to 8 queues
EF
Assign To
Queues Based
On Class of
Service
Egress shaping
done here
• Per port and / or
per port per queue
• N*64 kbps
granularity
AF
Strict/
WRR
Egress
Port
BE
EF=expedited forwarding
AF=assured forwarding
BE=best effort
25
Detection
Notification
Verification
Isolation
Delay
Jitter
Loss
IEEE 802.1ag
ITU-T Y.1731








IETF TWAMP
ITU-T Y.1731






IEEE
802.3ah
Link OAM
Performance
Management
Connectivity Fault
Management (CFM)
ADTRAN Ethernet OAM
Multiple paths for both Fault & Performance Management
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
26
Quick Reference Guide – EthOAM
Standard
Protocol/Mechanism
Detection – There is a loss of signal
802.1ag/Y.1731
ETH-CC
Loss of connectivity
Unintended connectivity between two MAs or within an
MA; Incorrect MD Level or period
802.3ah
Link monitoring
Loss of link
Failure to receive Information OAMPDU
Standard
Protocol/Mechanism
Notification – Fault triggers
802.1ag/Y.1731
RDI bit of CCM
Loss of CCMs
Y.1731
ETH-AIS
Loss of CCMs
Local defect
E-LMI
Status
EVC change
802.3ah
RFI bit of OAMPDU
Link Fault; Dying Gasp; Critical Event
802.3ah
Event Notification
Threshold crossing
Standard
Protocol
Fault Verification – Has the circuit failed?
802.1ag
ETH-LB
Verify connectivity between two MEPs
Y.1731
ETH-LB
Standard
Protocol
Verify connectivity between one MEP & all peer
MEPs
Fault Isolation - Where has the circuit failed?
802.1ag/Y.1731
ETH-LT
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Determine points of reach
Discover MIPs
27
ADTRAN Operations Environment
Intelligent Service Activation
Application awareness
OSS integration via Robust Modular
Gateway/Network Automation
Interface (TL1/XML)
Strong Decision Support
Fault Response
Advanced testing, troubleshooting
and diagnostics
Flexible Integrated Security
Advanced PM, Traffic and Capacity
Management
Performance Monitoring/Trending
Traffic Engineering/Network
Tuning
VQM/DQM
Fully Integrated from Planning to Operations to Customer Service
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
28
Barrier to Next-Gen Mobile Backhaul
Lack of Single, Simple Operational Model
 Lack of Fiber to Cell sites
– Less than 20% penetration
 Lack of Single, Simple
Operational Solutions:
– Need the new T1.
 Many different ad hoc
Operational models for different
mobile models
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
TDM
ATM
Microwave
Fiber
DS
DS3
SONET/SDH
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
29
A Single Centralized Solution
Single Platform, Common OAM&P, Full Coverage
– Single Service and Maintenance
Launch Point
– Full suite of dedicated, low cost
Ethernet Access Gateway for
every access medium
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
30
Hybrid Copper / Fiber NetVanta
Fiber trench can be time, cost prohibitive
 No secondary site visit to
install/commision EoF
service
 No re-provisioning of
service.
 Service/SLA transparency
TA5000
 ‘One-button’ service push;
Bandwidth on Demand
Service
TA5000
Initial EoCu provides
time-to-market and
revenue capture
Planned EoF
facility
ADTRAN
NetVanta 8044M
Modular NTE
Initial EoCu Facility
provides diverse
path
10/100/1000
Mbps
EoF facility
available
Increased
Bandwidth Demand
10/100/1000 Mbps
Customer Interfaces/
Services remain
untouched
Accelerated Time To Market for 100Mbps 4G/LTE/NGMN
Graceful Path to Fiber Access
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
31
Introducing Modular Ethernet Access
Delivering the New T1 (and E1)
 Complete Vision of Single
Operational Model
– Single Service and Maintenance
Launch Point
– Single, Versatile, High Value
Ethernet Access Gateway for
every access medium
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
32
Introducing the NetVanta 8044M
TA5000 8-port Gigabit Ethernet Access Module
– 8 GigE SFP cages
– Link Aggregation
– Link OAM
NetVanta 8044M
–
–
–
–
–
–
4 -10/100/1000BaseT WAN or LAN
4 - GigE SFP WAN or LAN
2 - Expansion Slots
1 and 2.5G ERPS Ring support with optical bypass option.
Clock Sync over Packet Ready e.g. G.8261/62 SyncE
Dual fed DC options (+/-24V, -48V DC)
Carrier Ethernet
– MEF 9, 14, 18
– Eth OAM CFM and PM
– TACASC+ and RADIUS Authentication, Authorization
8-port GigE
Access Module
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
NetVanta 8044M Modular NTE
33
NetVanta 8044M Expansion Modules
• TDM over Packet Service Delivery
– CESoPSN, SAToP, MEF8 standards
– GR-1089 Metallic Isolation
• GPON Access
– 2.5Gbps
– Fixed Optics
– OMCI & Carrier Ethernet Mgmt
8-port DS1/E1 CES
Service Module
 Ethernet over Copper Access
GPON ONU
Network Module
– Ethernet over Copper (ULL)
– ITU-T G.998.2 Bonding (45Mbps)
– GR-1089 Metallic Isolation
• Other Expansion Modules for Phase II
–
–
–
–
–
2-port OC3/12 STM1/4 Access
8-port DS1/E1 GFP Access
8-port 10/100 BaseT Service
4-port VDLS2 Access
1-port DS3 GFP Access
8-port e.SHDSL
Network Module
NetVanta 8044M Modular NTE
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
34
GigE to the Cell Site
Service Expansion to Multiple WSP
DS1
TA5000 MSAP
2xGE or
2x10GE
Central Office/
Exchange
TA5000 MSAP
Carrier
Ethernet
Network
8 port
EoFiber
AM
NetVanta 8044M
8 port PW Service Module
CWDM
GigE
NV8044M
Modular NTE
NV8044M
Modular NTE
8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000
Cell
Site
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000
Cell
Site
35
GPON to the Cell Site
Justifying FTTH to Low Density Areas
DS1
TA5000 MSAP
2xGE or
2x10GE
Central Office/
Exchange
TA5000 MSAP
Carrier
Ethernet
Network
NetVanta 8044M
8 port PW Service Module
2-port
OLT
AM
NetVanta 8044M
GPON ONT Module
GPON
NV8044M
Modular NTE
NV8044M
Modular NTE
8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000
Cell
Site
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
8xDS1 & Clock Sync
10/100/1000
Cell
Site
36
Mobile Backhaul ERPS Application
Drop & Continue Ethernet & TDM service
SyncE
From
Up Stream
1Gbps or
2.5Gbps
ERPS Ring
Any to any ELAN
1- 16 x
DS1/E1
1-500Mbps
Ethernet
typical
Drop Customer
1 – 1000 Mbps
Ethernet
Service E.G. avg.
150Mbps
Drop
Customer
TDM 1- 16
DS1/E1
Service
Up to 64 nodes 1-500Mbps
Ethernet
1-16 x DS1/E1
1-16 x DS1/E1
1/2.5Gbps ERPS Ring
3Gbps LAG
3Gbps LAG
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
Continue
Down Stream
Remainder of
1Gbps or
2.5Gbps ERPS
Ring Capacity
4Gbps LAG via
TA5000 8-port
GigE AM
OR
3rd party Eth Switch
CES traffic
37
Barriers to Packet-backhaul
 Fiber/Ethernet availability, weak Ethernet business case, and lack of
confidence in packet-based solutions hold back lower cost solutions
Source: Infonetics 2009
ADTRAN solutions focused on eliminating these barriers
® Adtran, Inc. 2007 All rights reserved
38
Question and Answers