Earth Study 360 Technology overview
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ES360 Components
 Full Azimuth Illumination
 EarthStudy 360 Imaging
 EarthStudy 360 Processor and Visualization
 Full Azimuth Anisotropic Tomography
 Full Azimuth Residual Moveouts
 Full Azimuth AVA Inversion
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Components
S
R
incident ray
REFLECTION DATA

1

2
reflected ray
2
Half opening angle
Opening Azimuth
2 1
xˆ
2
DIRECTIONAL DATA

Dip of ray-pair inward normal
1

1
yˆ
ˆ
z
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
2
Azimuth of ray-pair inward normal
Two Types of 3D Image Angle Gathers
• Directional
– Dip and azimuth
I M ,1, 2 
• Reflection
– Opening angle and opening angle azimuth
I M , 1,  2 
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables -ES360 Imager
Directional Gather
 Specular Energy Weighted Stack – Final Image
 Diffraction Energy Weighted Stack – Fracture and small scale
fault detection
 Dip and Azimuth Volumes for Tomography or Curvature
Analysis
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Deliverables -ES360 Imager
Reflection Gather
 Full Azimuth Angle Gathers used for kinematic and dynamic
analysis
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Deliverables- AVAZ
Full Azimuth AVA Inversion
Isotropic Gradient and Anisotropic Gradient Volumes
Fracture Density and Fracture Orientation Volumes
Fastvel
Delta2 and Fracture Orientation Volumes
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Deliverables HTI Inversion
HTI Kinematic Inversion
HTI Delta2 Map (fracture intensity map)
HTI Axis of Symmetry Map (normal to the fracture plane)
HTI Reliability Map
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Directional Angle Gathers Deliverables
Focal mechanism able to discriminate between specular and
diffraction waves
Specular energy weighted stack
Diffraction energy weighted stack
Structural attributes dip, azimuth and continuity, directly
from the directional angle gathers
9
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
EarthStudy 360 – Full Azimuth Directional Data
Specular Stack
Dip
Azimuth
FULL AZIMUTH DIP GATHER
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Continuity
Depth Migrated Section from 3D Transition Area
a) Directional angle decomposition followed by normal stack
b) Image in the same area with specular energy weighted stack
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Diffraction Imaging
Fractured Carbonate Reservoir in East Siberia
Migrated Slice
Scattered Energy
Soft Taper
12
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Scattered Energy
Hard Taper
Deliverables
Reflection Angle Gathers
Deliverables
 Full Azimuth Velocity Analysis - Tomography
 High Resolution Velocity Analysis - Tomography
 Kinematic HTI Inversion
 Reservoir characterization, fracture detection, and
elastic parameters analysis/inversion (AVAZ)
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Example of Residual Surface along ES360
Gathers- High resolution updates
Automatic picking of delays on full azimuth angle gathers
using the Poisson Picker
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
14
ES360 Visualizer
ES360 Reflection Gather –
2D Display
Gather panel colored by opening angle
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Gather panel colored by Azimuth
Deliverables
Kinematic HTI Inversion
• Base carbonate carries classic signature of HTI anisotropy
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Kinematic HTI Inversion
 Kinematics:
RMOphs ,phs    phs ,phs   Vnmo phs   (Vver ,ax ,  2 )
 2   minor   major
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Deliverables
Dynamic - Fracture Detection
Deliverables
a) Fracture Orientation b) Fracture Density
a) Normal Incidence b) Gradient
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
c) Anisotropic Gradient
Deliverables
Surface Sectors
Multi -Azimuth
 How many sectors ?
 What is the correct azimuth sector ?
Offset Y
Offset X
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Surface Sectors
Multi -Azimuth
 How many sectors ?
 What azimuthal aperture ?
 What azimuthal aperture ?
Offset Y
Offset X
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Azimuthal Discrepancy Map
SEG Model
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Benefit
• Fracture system detection
• High resolution Velocity Analysis
• Enhanced Specular Images
• Dense Ray Tracer
• Rich seismic information
• Uniform sub-surface illumination
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Benefit
• Surface solution to a subsurface problem
• Multi – Azimuth requires a migration of
each sector
• No HTI Inversion
© 2012, PARADIGM. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.