Optical Networking Services
Tal Lavian
tlavian@eecs.berkeley.edu
Some slides and most of the graphics are taken from other slides
Optical Networking Services
1
Research Direction
• The research topic that I’m looking after is Applications and
Services Infrastructure for Optical Networking
• What is a service composition and how we build a service?
What building blocks are needed and how cooperating and
brokering should work in optical infrastructure and among
providers?
• A good starting point can be to look into some applications
and pick few (2-3). We can look into the TeraGrid and SAN,
and we should see how the dynamic behavior of emerging
optical networking technologies could benefit the
applications
• We need to look all the way from the problem, solution,
application, architecture, services, and how this is
implemented and what services are needed in each layer
Optical Networking Services
2
Agenda
 Optical Networking
 Three networks: LAN, MAN and WAN
 Leading technologies: ASTN, Smart l, ASON, MPLS, OE,
 Challenges
 Service Solutions
 Killer Applications
 Summary
Optical Networking Services
3
Three networks in The Internet
ASON
ASON
Access
ASON
Backbone
ASON
PX
Metro
Core
Local
Network
(LAN)
Long-Haul Core
(WAN)
Metro Network
(MAN)
4/8/2015
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 4
Optical ASTN (Automatic Switch
Transport Network)
3. Applications
(SA Servers)
2. Adds Layer for Service Management & Creation
•Fault Detection
•Fault Isolation
•FaultManagement
Correlation
•Monitoring
System
UNI Proxy
Signaling
• Mesh Network Planner
• Mesh Optimizer
• Mesh Capacity Planner
ASON : End-to-End Dynamic Connectivity
Service
OCC
Agent (SA)
Client Signaling
•Service Activation
•Service Assurance
•Customer Care and Billing
•Service Control
•Policy Services
MPLS path
establishment
NNI
OCC
OSPF routing
OCC
OCC
(IOC)
Inter-domain I/F
Optical Routing
& Signaling Layer
Topology discovery
UNI+
Client
l’s, OC-N, STS-N
Traffic
granularity
Optical Switch
4/8/2015
Agile Optical Network
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 5
Optical Ethernet (OE)
 Goal
 Ethernet Transport (L2) over Optical networks (L1)
 Benefits
 Optical agility and reliability
 Ethernet simplicity and efficiency
 Seamless transport from LAN to MAN and to WAN
RPR Standard
10GigE Standard
(Resilient Packet Ring)
•Ring MAC protocol
•Ethernet over rings
•IEEE 802.17
•GigE extension
•Ethernet over OC-192
•IEEE 802.3ae
IP
Ethernet
OC-192
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 6
Agenda
 Optical Networking
 Challenges
 Bandwidth provisioning
 Data transport
 Enterprise Networks
 QoS
 Network Heterogeneity
 Service Solutions
 Killer Applications
 Summary
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 7
The Metro Bottleneck
Other Sites
Access
End User
Metro
Access
Metro
Ethernet LAN
DS1
DS3
OC-12
OC-48
OC-192
IP/DATA
1GigE
LL/FR/ATM
1-40Meg
10G
Optical Networking Services
Core
OC-192
DWDM n x l
4/8/2015
40G+
Slide: 8
Challenge 1: Bandwidth Provisioning
 Network congestion
 LAN access to MAN
 Fibers in MAN and WAN
 Insufficient use: <50% on lighting
 Inefficient use: wavelength under load
 Lack of mechanisms
 Dynamic setup
 User intelligence
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 9
Challenge 2: Data Transport Connectivity
Packet Switch
Circuit Switch
 data-optimized
 Voice-oriented
 Ethernet
 TCP/IP
 SONET
 ATM
 Network use
 Network uses
 LAN
 Metro and Core
 Advantages
 Advantages
 Efficient
 Simple
 Low cost
 Reliable
 Disadvantages
 Disadvantages
 Complicate
 High cost
 Unreliable
Efficiency ? Reliability
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 10
Challenge 3: Enterprise Networks
 Network security
 Encrypted communication
 Selective routing
 Network efficiency
 Fast transport
 Extensible intranet and extranet
 Dynamical connection and route setup
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 11
Challenge 4: QoS Guarantee
 The Internet has rapidly increasing bandwidth
 With the help of optical transport
 With high-speed router and switches
 However, it does not provide server guarantee
 Throughput
 Delay
 Jitter
 Reliability
 Priority
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 12
Challenge 5: Network Heterogeneity
 The Internet is fragmented in structure
 LAN, MAN and WAN in terms of area
 Actual domains operated by network service providers
 Network Service providers
 Support a variety of L1-7 protocols
 Realize data transport in their own ways
 Control network by different methods and technologies
 Interface problems
 Device interface: UNI, NNI
 Layer-to-layer: IP QoS to Ethernet CoS
 Switching: Ethernet to MPLS, RPR to MPLS
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 13
Agenda
 Optical Networking
 Challenges
 Service Solutions
 Optics + Ethernet
 Smart bandwidth
 Flexible VPN
 QoS
 Network Coordination
 Killer Applications
 Summary
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 14
Solution: Optics + Ethernet
Optical Networks
Ethernet Transport
•Huge bandwidth
•Fast and reliable
•Data efficiency
•Simple and scalable
LAN
MAN
O+E
Simple
Fast
Optical Networking Services
4/8/2015
Reliable
Slide: 15
Scenario 1: City Network
Customer B
Customer A
Customer A, B
Core
Backbone
Customer
Premise
RPR Ring
RPR Ring
RPR Ring
RPR Ring
Customers
A, C
Service POP
IOF
Customer C
POP
Virtual RPR Ring
Core
Customers
B, C
RPR Ring
POP
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 16
Scenario 2: Storage Area Network (SAN)
Storage Service Provider
10
10GigE
Servers
Raid Controller
10
l1-lx
l1-lx
RPR Ring
10
Users
LAN Switch
FC SW
OXC
10
OXC
Gateway
Router
10
10
l1-lx
Router
To other SAN
islands
10
Long Haul
Optical Networking Services
Public
Network
Slide: 17
Smart Bandwidth
 Bandwidth on Demand
Schedulable bandwidth provisioning
Tunable bandwidth allocation
Dynamic optical links and wavelength
establishment
 Load Balance
 Base Technologies
OE: RPR, 10GigE
ASON
MPLS/GMPLS
Content networking
Bandwidth fairness
Traffic re-route
 Use differentiation
Traffic: sources and destinations
User: how much you pay, privilege
Application: medical, science
computing
Content: video streaming, 3D games
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Optical Networking Services
Slide: 18
Flexible VPN
 Various needs
L1: Optical VPN
L2: Ethernet 802.1Q VLAN
L2: Ethernet Transparent LAN
L2+: MPLS-based VPN
L3: IP VPN
L4+: Content VPN
 Intelligent Control
VPN on demand
Dynamic join/drop
Route adjustment
Enterprise: SBC, Sprint, AOL
User group: discussion
App content: games, video
conference
 Base technologies
ASON
Ethernet
MPLS/GMPLS
IPVPN
Content networking
SP Ethernet
Header
802.1Q
Tag
Payload
•Protocol Identifier (0x8100)
•Priority (per 802.1p)
VLAN_ID
(12 bits)
Ethernet
Header
 Use differentiation
End-User
Ethernet Frame
MPLS
Labels
Label CoS
OE
Header
TLS Tag
TTL
Customer
Ethernet Frame
4/8/2015
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 19
Coordination of Network Controls
 Mapping
 Use differentiation
Network providers: carriers
IP2OE: IP control to Optical Ethernet
Service providers: ISP
control
OE2M: Optical Ethernet control to
 Base technologies
MPLS control
IP
NCIM: network interface mapping
ASON
 UNI
Ethernet
 NNI
MPLS/GMPLS
4/8/2015
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 20
QoS (Quality of Service)
 Mechanisms
L1: wavelength protection
L2: Ethernet CoS
 IEEE 801.p priority levels
L2+: MPLS CoS
L3: IP QoS
 Diffserv
 Intserv
 Use differentiation
Network providers: carriers
Service providers: ISP
Applications
Content
 Base technologies
IP Intserv and Diffserv
ASON
Ethernet
MPLS/GMPLS
4/8/2015
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 21
Agenda
 Optical Networking
 Challenges
 Service Solutions
 Killer Applications
 Summary
4/8/2015
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 22
Large-volume Data Exchange
 Optical SAN
 Backup on demand
 Disaster Recovery
 Fast route to restore data after the disaster
 Alternate routes to bypass the network in a disaster
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 23
Content Networking
 Content enabling extensions
 Content VPN
 Content Caching
 Content Multicasting
 Application scenarios
 Video teleconferencing
 Video on demand
 Streaming media
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Optical Networking Services
Slide: 24
Distributed Server Groups
 Servers grouped in the Internet
 In SAN, data storage servers
 In Web, HTTP servers
 In Media, A/V media streaming servers
 In Grid, supper computing servers
 Application scenarios
 Global Load Balance
 Server load fair distributions
 Grid Computing
 Media treatment: CT diagnoses
 CAD: fighter concurrent design
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Optical Networking Services
Slide: 25
Agenda
 Optical Networking
 Challenges
 Service Solutions
 Killer Applications
 Summary
4/8/2015
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 26
Summary
 Optical transport brings abundant bandwidth
 Efficient use of bandwidth becomes crucial
 Network Services enable
 Use network flexibly and transparently
 Add customized intelligence
 Killer Applications night be OVPN or any other
dynamic bandwidth provisioning
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Optical Networking Services
Slide: 27
Backup
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Optical Networking Services
Slide: 28
Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)
 A winning combination
 “SONET/DWDM” + Ethernet
 Ring MAC Protocol
 Packet Add/Drop/Pass
 Efficient Multicast/Broadcast
 Effective Use of Bandwidth
 Spatial re-use
IEEE
 Ring Protection
 Fast and reliable layer 2 protection
RPR
 Topology Discovery
 Connectionless route discovery
 Control Access Protocol
 Ensures fair access to ring BW
 Class of Service
 IEEE 802.1p
4/8/2015
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 29
10 Gigabit Ethernet (10-GigE)
 An immediate extension of GigE from LAN to LAN
and WAN
 Same Ethernet MAC protocol
 Same frame format with the same minimum and maximum size
 Fiber-only
 IEEE 802.3ae Standard
 10GEA: 10 GigE Alliance
IP
Ethernet
OC-192
4/8/2015
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 30
MPLS and Long-range VPNs
• MPLS/GMPLS is the emerging switching protocol in optical
core networks
• Long-range VPNs can be established by MPLS labels
MPLS
Labels
SP Ethernet
Header
Label CoS
End-User
Ethernet Frame
TTL
P
P
VPN A
CE
VPN A
PE
CE
CE
PE
Backbones
MPLS/GMPLS
CE
VPN B
VPN B
CE
PE
P
VPN C
P
CE
CE
VPN C
CE
CE - Customer Edge
Device
PE - Provider Edge Device
CE
VPN D
P - Provider Internal
Device
VPN D
4/8/2015
CE
Optical Networking Services
Slide: 31