Standards for Radiation Thermometry
Frank Liebmann
NCSLi 2012
Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
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Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
7/31/12
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Learning Objectives
• Gain knowledge of the published standards available
pertaining to radiation thermometry and infrared
thermometry.
• Apply published standards to measurement, calibration,
and testing involving radiation thermometry and infrared
thermometry.
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Introduction
• Historically a lack of standards
• Past 5 years, an increase of standards
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Sources
Topics
Accuracy Levels
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• Industrial
• Standards
Laboratory
• NMI
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
Usage
Calibration
Testing
Uncertainty
calculation
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IEC
IEC 62492-1
ASTM
E1256
ASTM
E2758
ASTM
E2847
VDI
3511 Part 4
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VDI
3511 Part 4.2
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VDI
3511 Part 4.3
VDI
3511 Part 4.4
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MSL
TG22
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EMA
Technical Guide… Radiation Thermometer Calibration
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Industrial
CCT-WG508-03
High-end
BIPM
NMI
Standard
Test Methods
Body
Uncertainties
Calibration
Usage
Overview of Standards
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● Full applicability
○ Partial applicability
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Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
7/31/12
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BIPM
• CCT-WG508-03, “Uncertainty budgets for calibration of radiation
thermometers below the silver point”
• Scope is limited to radiation thermometers with readout in radiance
and not temperature
• Useful for other types of work
Blackbody
Calibration temperature **
Impurities *
Plateau identification *
Blackbody emissivity,
isothermal
Blackbody emissivity, nonisothermal **
Reflected ambient radiation
Cavity bottom heat exchange
Convection **
Cavity bottom uniformity **
Ambient conditions **
Radiation
Thermometer
Size-of-source effect
Non-linearity
Reference
temperature
Ambient temperature
Atmospheric
absorption
Gain ratios
Noise
Calibration Equation
and Use
Interpolation error
Drift
Unknown temperature
* Fixed point blackbody only
** Variable temperature blackbody only
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BIPM – Sakuma-Hattori
S T  
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C
c2


exp 
 1
 AT  B 
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BIPM – Other Standards
• CCT/03-03, “Uncertainty budgets for realization of scales by
radiation thermometry”
• Covers work done above the silver-point (961.78 °C)
• Fixed-points as blackbody sources
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Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
7/31/12
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IEC 62492-1
“Industrial process control devices - Radiation thermometers - Part 1:
Technical data for radiation thermometers”
• Terms, definitions and abbreviations for radiation thermometry
• How to state technical data based on these terms all related to
radiation thermometry
● Measuring
temperature range
● Measurement
uncertainty
(accuracy)
● Noise equivalent
temperature
difference
● Measuring distance
● Field-of-view
● Distance ratio
● Size-of-source
effect
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● Emissivity setting
● Spectral range
● Influence of the
internal instrument or
ambient temperature
(temperature
parameter)
● Influence of air
humidity (humidity
parameter)
● Long-term stability
● Short-term stability
Liebmann - NCSL
● Repeatability
● Interchangeability
● Response time
● Exposure time
● Warm-up time
● Operating
temperature range and
air humidity range
● Storage and
transport temperature
range and air humidity
range
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IEC Work Items
• Part 2 – Specifications
– Being drafted
• Part 3 – Test Methods
– Not yet started
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Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
7/31/12
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ASTM Committee E20
• Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement
• Subcommittees
Designation
E20.02
E20.03
E20.04
E20.05
E20.06
E20.07
E20.09
E20.90
E20.91
E20.94
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Title
Radiation Thermometry
Resistance Thermometers
Thermocouples
Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and
Hydrometers
New Thermometers and Techniques
Fundamentals in Thermometry
Digital Contact Thermometers
Executive
Editorial and Terminology
Publication
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E20.02 Roadmap
• 2008
– Get handheld IR thermometer users to make more accurate
measurements
– Usage (E2758)
– Calibration (E2847)
• Currently
– RT Classification
– Emissivity Standard
– RT Manual
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ASTM E20.02 Standards
• E1256-11a: Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers
(Single Waveband Type)
• E2758-10: Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Wideband, Low
Temperature Infrared Thermometers
• E2847-11: Standard Practice for Calibration and Accuracy
Verification of Wideband Infrared Thermometers
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ASTM E1256
Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband
Type)
• Calibration Accuracy Test Method
• Repeatability Test Method
• Field-of-View Test Method (Target Size Test Method)
• Response Time Test Method
• Warm-Up Time Test Method
• Long-Term Stability Test Method (Long-Term Drift Test Method)
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ASTM E2758
Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Wideband, Low Temperature
Infrared Thermometers
• Basic usage of infrared thermometers
• Information on issues that may arise when using infrared
thermometry
• Test methods to determine
– Emissivity
– Transmissivity
– Reflected temperature
• Graphical summary of equations for infrared thermometry
• Mathematical methods to determine the error caused by emissivity
miscalculation, reflected temperature miscalculation, and
atmospheric effects
• The mathematical methods use the Sakuma-Hattori Equation
• Contain worked examples
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ASTM E2847
Standard Practice for Calibration and Accuracy Verification of Wideband
Infrared Thermometers
• Comparison of an “infrared thermometer to the radiance temperature of a
radiation source”
– Cavity blackbody sources
– Flat-plate sources
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Equipment
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Thermal Radiation Source
Aperture *
Transfer Standard
Ambient Temperature Thermometer
Distance Measuring Device
Purge *
Two traceability schemes
Preparation of Equipment
Calibration Procedure
Uncertainties
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E2847
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Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
7/31/12
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VDI/VDE
Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) and Verband der Elektrotechnik,
Elektronik und Informationstechnik (VDE)
VDI/VDE 3511 Blatt 4 Technische Temperaturmessung
Strahlungsthermometrie (VDI/VDE 3511 Part 4 Temperature
measurement in industry – Radiation thermometry)
• 4 Documents covering radiation thermometry
– Part 4, discusses basic theoretical and practical considerations
concerning radiation thermometry
– Part 4.2 contains the “Maintenance of the specification for radiation
thermometers”
– Part 4.3 is entitled “Standard test methods for radiation thermometers
with one wavelength range”
– Part 4.4 is entitled, “Calibration of radiation thermometers”
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VDI/VDE
VDI/VDE 3511 Part 4.3
Measuring Temperature Range
Measurement uncertainty
(accuracy)
Influence of the internal
instrument temperature
Long-term stability
Repeatability
Noise equivalent temperature
difference
Spectral range
Target/target size
Response time
Exposure time
Operating ambient temperature
Storage temperature range
ASTM E1256
Calibration Accuracy
Long-Term Stability
Repeatability
Field-of-view
Response Time
Warm-Up Time
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Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
7/31/12
Liebmann - NCSL
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MSL TG22
“MSL Technical Guide 22, Calibration of Low-Temperature Infrared
Thermometers”.
• Geared towards handheld infrared thermometers
• How infrared thermometers measure temperature
• Discusses influences on infrared thermometer measurement
including introduction of a measurement equation
• How the signal is processed and about measurement errors
• Calibration and calibration sources including the concepts of
calibrating the source by contact thermometry or by radiation
thermometry
• Method to determine detector temperature for an infrared
thermometer.
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Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
7/31/12
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Entidad Mexicana de Acreditación
Guía Técnica Sobre Trazabilidad e Incertidumbre en la Calibración de
Termómetros de Radiación
Technical Guide on Traceability and Uncertainty for Radiation
Thermometer Calibration
• Purely in Spanish
• Traceability
• Uncertainty
• Calibration schemes for calibration equipment
• Good practice for radiation thermometry metrology
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Overview
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Learning Objectives
Introduction
Overview of Standards
BIPM
IEC
ASTM
VDI/VDE
MSL
EMA
Concluding Remarks
7/31/12
Liebmann - NCSL
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IEC
IEC 62492-1
ASTM
E1256
ASTM
E2758
ASTM
E2847
VDI
3511 Part 4
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VDI
3511 Part 4.2
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VDI
3511 Part 4.3
VDI
3511 Part 4.4
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MSL
TG22
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EMA
Technical Guide… Radiation Thermometer Calibration
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●
●
Industrial
CCT-WG508-03
High-end
BIPM
NMI
Standard
Test Methods
Body
Uncertainties
Calibration
Usage
Concluding Remarks
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● Full applicability
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Questions
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