Student: Perzila Arab (42732360)
Supervisor: Prof. Michael Helmich

• Introduction
• Body Area Network
• Capsule endoscopy
• Localization methods
• Radar Technology
• Millimeter Wave Identification (MMID)
• Summary
Slide 1

Aim:
Designing and developing a positioning system model to monitor a capsule endoscopy inside a body in high frequency.
Frequency work: 60 GHz
Slide 2

• Operates in an unlicensed band (57−64GHz) with approximately 7GHz bandwidth
[1]
• High data rate that makes it suitable for high data rate wireless application (> 1Gbit/s)
• Lower interference due to the high free space loss
[2]
• Better frequency reuse in cellular system due to low
Inter-Channel and Co-Channel Interference
[2]
• Small RF component and antenna
• Appropriate for short-range applications
Slide 3

BAN refers to the technology which carries out the wireless transmission of data between devices located around or implemented in human body.
Slide 4

Respiration Monitoring
ECG
Glucose Monitoring
Medical
Application
Vital sign Monitoring
EMG
Brain Simulation
Disability assistance
EEG
PH Monitoring
Capsule Endoscope
Motion Monitoring
Hearing Aid
Slide 5

Entertainment
Gaming
Non-Medical
Applications
Video Streaming
3D Video
Social Networking
Data file Transfer
Sport
Slide 6

[3]
Applications
ECG (12 leads)
ECG (6 leads)
EMG
EEG (12 leads)
Blood saturation
Glucose monitoring
Temperature
Motion sensor
Video
Data Rate
288 kbps
71 kbps
320 kbps
43.2 kbps
16 bps
1600 bps
120 bps
35 kbps several Mbit/s
Slide 7
Bandwidth
100-1000 Hz
100-500 Hz
0-10000 Hz
0-150 Hz
0-1 Hz
0-50 Hz
0-1 Hz
0-500 Hz
-

[4]
1. Intra-BAN communication:
Communication between body sensors or between body sensors and personal devices (PS).
2. Inter-BAN communication:
Communications between the PS and APs.
3. Beyond-BAN communication:
It has designed for the use in metropolitan area. By this communication the authorized healthcare staff can access to the patients information remotely.
Slide 8

Slide 9

Diagnosis of diseases in the small bowl
• Less than 4gm
• Takes 2 images per second
• 50000 frames in 8 hours exam
Slide 10

[5]
1. Probability of missing an abnormalities in some areas because of rapid transit of the capsule
2. Blurred photos
3. Battery life
4. Determining the location of abnormalities
5. Capsule can get stuck in small intestine due to the tumors
Slide 11

[6]
Process of estimating the position of a node
• Self-positioning:
Node position can be estimated by the node itself
• Remote-positioning:
Node position can be estimated by a central unit that obtains information via the reference nodes
• Two-step positioning Scheme
Some signal parameters will be extracted from the signals and then the position will be measured according to those parameters.
Slide 12

1. Received Signal Strength (RSS)
The distance will be calculated based on, the strength and energy of the signal which is varies by distance.
2. Time of Arrival (TOA)
The distance will be calculated by measuring the one-way propagation time.
3. Angle of Arrival (AOA)
It determines the angle between two nodes.
Slide 13

• RSS highly depends on the channel parameter.
• In TOA all transmitters and receivers in the system have to be synchronized.
• AOA will be limited by some parameters likes: as shadowing, multi-path or the directivity of the measuring aperture.
• To location estimation, RSS and TOA need the position of at least 3 reference elements, but
AOA requires only 2 references.
Slide 14

The reflected signal can be collected by the radar receiver antenna . So, Radar can determine and track the object.
Slide 15

• Searching for the object
• Target detection
• Tracking of the target
• Measuring the target position
• Measuring the target velocity
Slide 16

It is a measurement that shows the delectability of an object by a radar system. It strongly depends on: [7]
1. Size: The larger object has a greater RCS, so the object can be easily detected.
2. Material: Plastic, fiberglass, cloth or wood are less reflective.
3. The incident angle: is the angle which the radar beam beat a target. It depends on the shape of target.
4. Reflected angle: is the angle which the reflected signal leaves the target and depends on the incident angle.
5. Polarization: depends on the position and location of the target.
Slide 17

• Same as RFID, it enable wireless non-contact transfer from a tag attached to an object.
• It can be used for remote identification and tracking purposes.
• The ISM band around 60GHz is appropriate for
MMID since no license is required.
• Precise accuracy, high data rate and small size of antenna are some advantages of MMID.
Slide 18

[8]
• Wireless mass memory
• Automotive Radar
• Location Sensing
Slide 19

MMID system like RFID consists of a reader and a tag (transponder). Three types of tag:
1- Passive tag
2- Semi-passive tag
3- Active tag
Slide 20

• Body Area Network
• Capsule endoscope
• Localization methods
• Radar Technology
• Millimeter Wave Identification (MMID)
Slide 21

[1] M. Peter, W. Keusgen, and J.Luo, “A survey on 60 ghz broadband communication: Capability, applications and system design,” in European
Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference, 2008. EuMIC 2008., Oct. 2008, pp. 1 –4.
[2] M. Luo, Keusgen, W.Kortke, and A.Peter, “A design concept for a 60 ghz wireless in-flight entertainment system,” in IEEE 68thVehicular Technology
Conference, 2008. VTC 2008-Fall., Sept. 2008, pp. 1 –5.
[3] B. Latr, B. Braem, I. Moerman, C. Blondia, and P.Demeester” A survey on wireless body area networks”. In Wirel. Netw Jan.2011,pp.1-18.
[4] M.Chen, S.Gonzalez, A.Vasilakos, H.Cao, and V.C.Leung, “Body area networks:
A survey,” Mob. Netw. Appl., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 171–193, Apr. 2011.

[5] (2012, Jun.) Capsule Endoscopy. [Online]. Available: http://www.medicinenet.com/capsule_endoscopy/page2.htm
[6] S.Gezici,”A Survey on Wireless Position Estimation”,Wirel. Pers.
Commun, Feb.2008, pp.263-282
[7] (2012, Jun.) Radar cross section. [Online].
Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_cross-section
[8] (2012, Jun.) Wireless Sensing and RFID . [Online].
Availabl: http://www.vtt.fi/files/research/mel/wireless_sensing_slides_sho rt.pdf