CAUSES OF FILIPINO
REVOLTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Desire to regain the lost freedom of their
ancestors (Political)
Religious intolerance of Spanish authorities
(Religious)
Abuses of the Spaniards (Personal)
The hated tribute and oppressive forced labor
Loss of ancestral lands
Early Revolts in Philippine History
• Identify the causes of the revolts
• Create a profile page for a certain revolt
and
• Discuss the outcome/result of the revolt
LAKANDULA and
sulayman
• Causes of revolt:
– Maltreatment of his
people by Spanish
masters
– Broken promises of
Spanish officials
particularly
exemption of his
relatives and
descendants from
tribute and forced
labor.
• Results:
– Armed clash averted
by amicable
settlement. Fr.
Geronimo Martin and
Capt. Juan de Salcedo
pacified Lakandula
and persuaded him to
lay down his arms.
– He even helped to
defeat the piratical
attack of Limahong.
Magat Salamat
(1587-1588)
• son of Lakandula
• Together with him:
–
–
–
–
Agustin de Legazpi – Lakandula’s nephew
Martin Pangan – Chief of Tondo
Juan Bassi – Chief of Taguig
Pedro Balinguit – Chief of Pandacan
• The Plan:
– To bring Japanese
warriors and weapons to
drive the Spaniards out.
– Dionisio Fernandez – a
Japanese Christian, who
acted as an interpreter
– Juan Gayo – a Japanese
captain whom they
negotiated for alliance
and military aid
• Result:
– Pedro Sarmiento –
discovered the plot
through Magat
Salamat’s friend
Antonio Surabao and
immediately warned
the Spanish
authorities.
– The leaders were
executed.
Magalat (1596)
• He and his brother urged the people of Cagayan
to overthrow Spanish rule during the term of
Gov. Gen. Francisco Tello.
• His revolt could not be crushed by arms
• The Spaniards resorted to assassination which
ended his revolt
• He was murdered in his own house
• First assassination in Philippine History.
Igorot Revolt (1601)
• The Igorots revolted
in defense of their
pagan gods.
• They killed Fr. Esteban
Marin, Spanish
missionary.
• Capt. Mateo de
Aranda – suppressed
the revolt
Gaddang Revolt (1621)
• Due to the abuses of the Spanish
authorities
• Cagayan Valley
• Leaders: Felipe Cutabay and Gabriel
Dayag
• Result: Fr. Pedro de Santo Tomas –
persuaded the Gaddangs to lay down
their arms.
Tamblot (1621-1622)
• A Babaylan led this religious revolt.
• He incited Boholanos to return to their
pagan religion.
• He was joined by 2,000 Boholanos
• Suppressed by government troops led by
Alcalde Mayor Juan de Alcarazo with 50
Spaniards and more than 1,000 Cebuanos..
GROUP ACTIVITY
Each group is given a revolt to
work on. Make a profile page for the
leader (similar to your fb page).
Your work must include the
following:
a. Profile picture of the leader
b. His information
c. A status of his revolution
d. Comment of the Spaniards against
the uprising
Bankaw’s Revolt (1622)
• Leyte
• An old chief of Limasawa became a Christian because he
received a royal gift from Spain in recognition of his
grandfather’s hospitality to Magellan.
• In his old age, with the influence of his son and Pagali, a
native priest, he discarded his faith.
• He led a religious revolt to restore paganism.
• Suppressed by Juan de Alcarazo, one who suppressed the
revolt.
• His head was placed on a plate and was displayed in public
PEDRO LADIA’S REVOLT (1643)
• Was a Bornean who claimed descent from Raja Matanda.
• Urged the people of Malolos to fight against the Spanish
oppressors and enthrone him as King of the Tagalogs.
• Fr, Cristobal Enriquez – a parish priest from Malolos,
reported Ladia’s plans to the authorities even before the
rebel could take the first step.
• He was captured and executed in Manila.
Juan Ponce (Francisco)
Sumuroy (1649-1650)
• Cause: harsh order of Gov. Gen. Diego Fajardo
compelling men in the village to render forced
labor in the shipyard of Cavite.
• The Spanish authorities persuaded the natives to
lead them to Sumuroy’s hideout in the
mountains.
• Result: ended in failure, he was taken alive and
put to death.
Francisco Maniago (1660-1661)
• Causes:
– Natural love of the
Pampangans love for
freedom
– Hardship of forced
labor in forests and
shipyards.
– Rice taken from the
people by government
agents without
payment
• Result:
– The cause weakened
because Juan
Makapagal, powerful
chief, remained loyal to
Spain.
– Accepted the peace
offer of Gov. Gen.
Marique de Lara upon
the advice of a kind
friar, Fr. Andres de
Salazar
Andres Malong (1744-1829)
• A military leader who was inspired by
Maniago
• Led the revolt in Pangasinan
• Proclaimed himself as the “King of
Pangasinan”
• Sent troops to as far as Vigan
• Was hanged
Pedro Almazan (1661)
• In response to Malong’s revolt, he
called the Ilocanos to revolt against the
Spaniards
• King of the Ilocanos
• Burned churches
• Was executed in the town plaza
Tapar (1663)
• He was a babaylan who was a new
convert to Catholicism.
• He founded a new syncretic religion which
was a modified form of Christianity. He
proclaimed himself "God Almighty" and
went around garbed in a woman's dress.
• Killed Father Francisco de Mesa, friar
curate of Oton.
• Mercilessly impaled on a bamboo stake
and placed strategically at the mouth of
the Laglag (now Dueñas) River to be
eaten also by crocodiles.
Tumalang (Zambal) Revolt (16811683)
• After Malong’s revolt, the Spaniards wanted to
make sure that the roots of his rebellion be
exterminated.
• Governor General Juan de Vargas Hurtado –
sent a combine Filipino and Spanish troops to
punish the Zambals who helped Malong.
• Tumalang fought bitterly but unfortunately he
was captured and converted to Christianity.
Francisco Dagohoy (1744-1829)
•
•
•
•
Longest revolt which lasted for 85
years
Cause: refusal of Spanish curate, Fr.
Gaspar de Morales, to give
Christian burial to Dagohoy’s
brother Sagarino who died because
of a duel.
He killed Fr. Morales and urged the
Boholanos to rise against the
Spaniards.
End of the Revolt:
– He died due to old age in the
mountain. His followers
continued the fight
– It took 20 successive governorgenerals before the oppression
was suppressed
– Gov. Gen. Mariano Ricafort –
seriously undertook measures
to end the revolt.
Diego Silang (1762-1763)
• Proclaimed the
independence of Ilocos.
• Demanded the abolition
of forced labor and
tribute
• Took advantage of the
chaos of the times owing
to the British occupation
of Manila. He was
befriended by the
British.
• Causes:
– To regain the lost
freedom of the
Ilokanos.
– Spanish abuses and
oppression
• End of Rebellion:
– Silang’s
assassination on
May 28, 1763 by
Miguel Vicos for a
sum of Spanish gold
and in the name of
Catholicism and
loyalty to Spain.
Gabriela Silang
• Maria Josefa Gabriela
• Wife of Diego
• Was believed to be the
first woman to revolt in
Philippine History.
• Continued the rebellion
with the help of Nicolas
Carino, Diego’s uncle.
• Was defeated by the
Spanish forces and later
executed
Joan of Arc of the
Ilocandia
Juan dela Cruz Palaris (17621764)
• Pantaleon Perez – real name
• Revolted because of the abuses of the
Spanish government in Pangasinan.
• Created a kingdom wherein the capital
was Binalatongan (now known as San
Carlos City)
• Was caught because his sister was forced
to tell where to find him.
• Was executed
Ibanag Revolt (1763)
•
•
•
•
Isabela and Cagayan
Dabo and Juan Marayag
Inspired by the revolts of Silang and Palaris
Natives declared their independence and
refused to pay tributes
• It did not last long after Lt. Governor Manuel
de Arza ordered is Filipino mercenaries to
suppress it.
Basi Revolt (1807)
• Also known as Ambaristo Revolt
• Headed by Pedro Ambaristo
• Cause: the government monopolizes the
production of wine.
Bayot Revolt (1822)
• The revolt was headed by the Bayot brothers
– Joaquin, Manuel and Jose. They were sons
of Colonel Francisco Bayot of the Spanish
Army based in Manila.
• They revolted because the Insulares were not
treated as if they are not Spanish at all.
• Planned to overthrow the Spanish
government and declare their father as King.
• Sentenced to life imprisonment
Apolinario de la Cruz
(Hermano Pule) (1840-1841)
• He wanted to become a priest
but was not accepted because
he was a native.
• He worked instead at the
Hospital of San Juan de Dios
and acquired his religious
education by reading the bible
and listening to the sermons of
the church.
• Founded the Confradia de San
Jose which was banned by
Spanish authorities.
• The Spaniards were denied admission to the
Confradia.
• Governor General Marcelino de Oraa Lecumberri –
banned the organization because according to them
it is a form of heresy.
• Recruited 4,000 men and armed them with bolos
and amulets and encamped a the foot of Mt.
Banahaw.
• Appointed Octavio Ignacio de San Jorge
(Purgatorio) as the leader of his army.
• Was executed and his head was cut off and
displayed on the road.
Failure of the Revolts
•
•
•
•
Absence of national consciousness
Lack of leaders to unite the whole archipelago
Regional hostility
Archipelagic nature of the Philippines prevented
a steady communication in the provinces.
• Superiority of the Spanish arms
• The betrayals and assassinations of rebel leaders.