Adaptation to change in interlinked cultivated and wetland ecosystem:
a study in Western INDIA
Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development (SPWD)
Head Office
14A, Rouse Avenue Lane
Vishnu Digamber Marg,
ITO, New Delhi
011 – 23236387, 23236440
Spwd_delhi@yahoo.com
www.spwdindia.org
SPWD
Regional Office
26 – 27 Mahavir Colony,
Bedla Road,
Udaipur
0294 – 2450268
spwdudpr@yahoo.com
Location Map
INDIA
RAJASTHAN
STUDY AREA
Drainage
Map
Background
 Bharatpur is located on a very flat surface where a number of rivers
(Ruparel, Banganga, Gambhiri & Kukund) converge
 The flood prone areas used to have water up to September – October
 People were dependant mostly on the Rabi crop
 Ground water in this area was very high and it was (& still) saline
 Ajan and Saver dams were constructed 5 and 8 Kms to the south
respectively while Moti Jheel was constructed 3 km to the northwest of
Bharatpur.
 A system of canals from the dams was introduced . All the rivers
(Ruparel, Banganga, Gambhiri & Kukund) which were earlier causing
floods in the region were stopped by making series of dykes and water
was channelised through canal system.
 These canals have small channels by which the water is distributed in
the whole area.
 The dams work as water storage dams and are able to serve the city
and surrounding areas with drinking water.
 It also helped to increase the water table and put a column of sweet
water over the saline water.
understanding about area
King --Dam Construction & Canal Construction
Change in Landuse
Change in Copping pattern / Crops
Change in Livelihood System
Change in Fodder Variety
Animal Husbandry got affected
 Increase in Agriculture Labour
 Oil Industries established
NRCRM – ICAR established
Area under Mustard increased
Variety of Mustard improved
Water demand increased (RabiCrop)
Conflicts started on water distribution
NEED TO EXPLORE
OTHER RESOURCE
& ECOLOGY
PROBLEMS…&
SOLUTIONS WITH
ACTIONRESEARCH PLAN
The Stake holders
S.No
1
2
The Stakeholders
Gudla
Panchna
Protest committee
Agarri Bandh Protest
committee
3
District
Representing
No. of Villages
Karauli
39
Water for Irrigation Support
Karauli
18
Water for Irrigation Support
Karauli
26
Water for Irrigation Support
Karauli
Hindaun
City
Drinking water &
Sewerage System
Provisioning
Drinking water,
Dry river channel
Provisioning
Support
Jaggar Bandh Protest
committee
4
5
Gambheer
nadi
Protest committee
Karauli
Bharatpur
360
6
Bhadrawati
nadi
Protest committee
Karauli
Karauli City
Karauli
37
Bharatpur
Ghana NP
Karauli
Bharatpur
Karauli
7
8
9
10
Command
Area
Protest committee
Ghana
Keoladev
Protest committee
Chambal
Nadi
bachao
Protest
committee
Panchana Catchment
Protest committee
Demand
Ecosystem
Services
Drinking Water & Provisioning
G W Recharging
Regulating
Water for Irrigation Support
Water for Wildlife
Support
60
Drinking Water
Provisioning
40
Water for Irrigation Support
Stakeholders
The five ecosystems of Bharatpur and its environs
Fish, Feral Animal, Marshy Land
Grazers (Buffalo), Birds, Birds
Breeding, (Impact of Fertilizer and
Pesticides & water availability),
Tourism; In reverse insects, Pollination
& seed Dispersal, pest
BHARATPUR
Wetland
Ecosystem
Forest
Ecosystem
Tiger, Pastoralism, Agriculture &
Forest Dwellers, Poaching,
Displacement, Tourism, Traffic,
Cultural dimension
Pastoralist Ecosystem
(Corridor & Sanctuaries)
Panchna
Agriculture
Ecosystem
Wheat – Mustard, Pricing, Water
Use, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Bee
Keeping, CDM, Fish Breeding,
Drinking Water, Land Submergence
Issue, Urban Pollution
Chambal
Riverine
Ecosystem
Crocodile, Soil Erosion, Sand
Extraction, Agriculture,
Water Use for DrinkingAgriculture-Industry,
Industrial & Agriculture
Pollution
Forest Closure Policy,
Migratory & Local
Pastoralist, Reduction in
Forest area / Fodder water availability, Human
& Animal Population,
Exclusion / Displacement,
FRA
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Provisioning services: Agriculture - Wheat Mustard
production, Water Use, Fertilizer, Pesticides, Drinking Water,
Land
Regulating services: Pricing of Agri-Produce, Ground water
recharge, Submergence Issue, Urban Pollution, Pollination &
seed Dispersal, Forest Closure Policy, Exclusion /
Displacement, Forest rights Act, Erosion, Sand Extraction,
Climate variability, Salinity control
Cultural services : Keoladev National park:- Fish, Feral Animal,
Marshy Land Grazers (Buffalo), Birds, Kela devi Sanctuary,
Tiger , Crocodile, Caste – Class, Connotation, Fare
Supporting Services: Bee Keeping, CDM, Fish Breeding, Birds
Breeding, (Impact of Fertilizer and Pesticides & water
availability), Tourism, In reverse insects, pest, Migratory &
Local Pastoralist, Reduction in Forest area / Fodder, soil,
Ecosystem Services: Support
Pre Independence – the wildlife was protected by different states
(Riyasaten) but they were for the hunting & recreations only.
Post Independence –
1950 - Rajstahn state given wild life protection act under which
Pigeon & Peacock were protected
1951 – Rajasthan wild life protection act
1953 – Rajasthan Forest Act (Hunting was prohibited with out
permission in protected & reserved forests areas)
1955 – Rajasthan wild life board was established & Sariska (Alwar),
Dara (Kota), Keladevi Sanctuary (Karauli), Jaisamand (Udaipur), Van
Vihar (Dholpur) & KNP (Bharatpur) were put in the reserved areas.
1972 – Wild life protection act came at national level except J & k.
1956 – Keoladev was made
reserved for Birds
10th March 1981 – Keoladev was
declared as national Park
1985 – keoladev was taken in the
list of
World Natural heritage
Ecosystem Services: Cultural
River Banganga
River Gambhiri
Ajan Bund
Ghana
Canal
Keoladev National Park
Plant Type
No of species
floating
5
Rooted with floating leaves 5
Free submerged
4
Rooted submerged
7
Emergent, amphibious
18
Marsh land species
52
Total
91
% of speciesFree
5.5
5.5
4
8
20
57
Issue: primary consumers buffalos be back into the system
Wetland Vegetation
Aquatic macro invertebrates
Aquatic insects & Molluscs are found and a positive
correlation between Terrestrial insects, temp & Rainfall
&
Terrestrial Arthropods
Fish fry comes from Ajan Bund through Ghana canal; 36 fish
species in KNP out of which only 6 breeds in park
Fishes fauna
Ornithology
Issue: Water availability from Panchna
Anatidae
:
67 species (ducks, teals, geese)
Rallidae
:
(coots, moorhens)
Phalacrocoracidae:
Ciciniidae:
:
(cormorants, datrters)
(stroks, ibises)
Issue: decreasing occurrence of birds, Less Nesting, Less Breeding, Poor egg
Shells (Over use of fertilizer in upper catchment)
Policy Advocacy
RPSPM
(Rajasthan Prakritik Sansadhan Prabandhan Manch)
(Rajasthan Natural Resources Management forum)
People
Zonal Committee
Individual, NGO
Representatives from
district Committees
District Committee
NGO + People
State committee
Quarter wise work plan
Study Parameters
I year
1
1. Literature survey and collection of secondary information
2. Reconnaissance survey and preparation of questionnaire for
detailed survey
3. Ecological zoning and village clustering
4. Creation and updating of proposed electronic/soft Database
5. Questionnaire based field survey
6. Data Analysis 1st Cut
7. Preparation of 1st year report
8. Ground truthing of remote sensing data
9. Preparation of 2nd year report
10. Data analysis, mapping of information in GIS domain,
interpretation & preparation of final report
2
3
II year
4
1
2
3
III year
4
1
2
3
4
Thanks