Theme
Maximizing Asset Value with IOR / EOR
India Drilling & Exploration Conference (IDEC) – 2013
23-24 May 2013, Mumbai
1
ONGC a Wealth Creator
IOR / EOR ??
IOR
…….includes all methods for supplementing natural
reservoir forces and energy
• Pressure Maintenance,
• Recycling of produced fluids
• Secondary recovery in its original sense i.e. fluid injection
/stimulation/artificial lift within an economic limit.
EOR
…. defined as oil recovery by the injection of materials
normally not present in reservoir.
• does exclude water-flooding and is intended to exclude all
pressure maintenance processes.
Source : SPE Petroleum Reservoir Management Catalogue
2
Most valuable Indian PSU
IOR / EOR
… Views from Literature
Dr Farouq Ali, during a Webinar on 17 May 2012
Quote :
My definition for EOR is recovery of the oil left after a
waterflood for any oil.
IOR is good Reservoir Engineering, horizontal wells,
infill drilling etc. plus EOR.
Unquote
3
# 21 Energy Company in the World
IOR / EOR
…. experience in ONGC
IOR-EOR ….
 Targeted 15 major fields thru structured IOR/EOR schemes
30
Contribution of IOR/EOR scheme in Major Fields
vis a vis ONGC Production
• Acreage reduction
Annual Oil MMt
25
• Water Injection Redistribution
20
15
• A/L Optimization
Contribution of
IOR/EOR Programme
10
• Hi-tech drilling
Case with natural decline
5
2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
2000-01
1999-00
1998-99
1997-98
1996-97
1995-96
0
Sustained oil production of ~20 MMt in Majors
5
A FORTUNE Global 500 Company
Next Campaign
Rolling Dev Campaign in Offshore Majors
500
20
400
15
300
Ph-III
10
Ph-I Ph-II
5
200
• Tapping Bypassed oil
• Improved Reservoir
characterization
100
Base
Annual Oil, MMt
6.0
• IOR for Major & Medium sized fields of
Onshore
• Revamp/enhancement of surface
facilities factored
2030
2027
2024
2021
2018
2015
2012
2009
2006
2003
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
0
1976
0
Production Profile IOR-2012 : Onshore
IOR-2012
5.0
Base
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
2029-30
2028-29
2027-28
2026-27
2025-26
2024-25
2023-24
2022-23
2021-22
2020-21
2019-20
2018-19
2017-18
Most valuable Indian PSU
2016-17
2015-16
2014-15
6
2012-13
0.0
2013-14
Oil,MMt
• Integrated development
600
Cum. Production,MMt
25
… IOR Examples
Increasing Asset Value
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Cum. Oil Production, MMt
7
# 21 Energy Company in the World
Redev
Part-II
RF, %
RF, %
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Part-I
Phase-
III
RF, %
Np, MMt
Cum. Oil Production, MMt
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Field growth
IOR (RFR) IOR Ph- II
Phase-
IOR (FR)
Offshore Major
I+II
Base
RF, %
Np, MMt
Offshore Carbonate Reservoir
EOR Efforts
Commercial Scale
• Miscible Gas Injection
– Bold Reservoir Management decision to halt production to achieve MMP
• ISC Thermal Process
– Largest ISC implementation in Heavy Oil belt - A game changer
• Polymer flood
– Possibility of achieving + 36% RF as against 15% from water flood
• MEOR (now a Patented Technology)
–
–
Putting life to stripper wells thru huff-n-puff mode
Ready with MEOR in flood mode
Proven EOR Pilots
•
•
WAG in multi-layered reservoir
ASP in WON
Future Vision of EOR
•
•
•
•
8
Entry of ISC Process in Light Oil, CSS
Field Scale WAG
Low salinity / Low IFT water flood
Solution search for EOR in Offshore
# 21 Energy Company in the World
… EOR Examples
Increasing Asset Value
Miscible G.Inj. EOR
Oct’1996
600
2.80
2.10
400
1.40
High viscosity (100 – 2000 cp)
Multi-layered reservoir
Moderate depth ~1200m
Sandstone with good K, Phi
Water drive
# 21 Energy Company in the World
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
2003-04
2002-03
2001-02
2004-05
Act. Cum(m3/d)
Performance of Balol Field
Thermal Process
9
2000-01
1999-00
1998-99
1997-98
0.00
1996-97
0
1995-96
0.70
1994-95
200
Oil Rate(m3/d)
–
–
–
–
–
4.20
3.50
800
1993-94
Multi-layered reservoir
Depth 2000m
Sandstone with heterogeneity
Temp ~ 120°C
1992-93
–
–
–
–
Oil Production Performance of GS-12(Miscible Pool)
1000
1991-92
Miscible Gas Injection
EOR Projects for Tomorrow
EOR technology : Some proven processes already in operation,
several evolved to trial stage, and many more still in R&D phase
• LOSAL : Change in rock fluid interaction and multi cation exchange, releasing
entrapped oil from rock surface
• Increased displacement efficiency of 10%.
• Works better in presence of non swelling clays
• Viscoelastic surfactants : a new class of chemicals used to loosen grip of oil on
rock by reducing interfacial tension
• Tight formations, high salinities
• For reservoir temp. upto 100°C
• An Alkaline Surfactant Foam (ASF) flood with AS pre-flush : designed to recover
all the oil present in core after water flooding
• Needs more studies to optimize the process
10
# 21 Energy Company in the World
EOR Projects for Tomorrow
EOR technology : Some proven processes already in operation,
several evolved to trial stage, and many more still in R&D phase
• Improving efficiency of cyclic steam by thermo-reversible gel-forming
systems(GFS)
• Gel blocks high permeable channels and increases conformance of
thermal steam treatment
• Heterogenetic combination flooding system of Preformed Particle Gel (PPG)
• PPG’s 3D network and polymer chains lead to increased visco-elasticity
and sweep volume to improve recovery
• Colloidal Dispersion Gels (CDGs): CDGs lightly cross-linked polyacrylamide
gels formed in-situ; Salinity independent and alternative to high salinity polymer
flood projects requiring high polymer concentration
• Nanoparticles to increase viscosity of injection fluid and reduce mobility contrast
• Can serve for IFT reduction, foam stabilization, and alteration of wettability
11
# 21 Energy Company in the World
Concluding Thoughts …..
Maximizing Asset Value with IOR/EOR
– Is a Moving WIN Post (Continuous Exercise)
– Thrust on Major fields to have global impact
40 %
20 %
30 %
•
•
•
12
50 %
•
No unique solution for every Field/Reservoir
Technology and Price Dependent
Infrastructure revamping coupled with high tech drilling/
completion will aid in improving Asset Value
Role of EOR is of prime importance for mature fields
•
New and emerging EOR technologies hold promise
# 21 Energy Company in the World
Recovery Mechanisms
Primary
Recovery
Pump – Gas Lift etc.
Secondary
Recovery
Water Flood
Pressure Maintenance
Water / Gas : Reinjection
13
Chemical
Miscible, Solvent
A FORTUNE Global 500 Company
Others
MEOR, CO2 ..
Enhanced
Recovery
Tertiary
Recovery
Thermal
Conventional
Recovery
Natural Flow
Artificial Lift
IOR / EOR
… Views from Literature
Of the two, the term EOR has clearer definition.
EOR refers to Reservoir Processes that recover oil not
produced by Secondary Processes.
• Primary recovery uses natural energy to produce oil/gas
• Secondary recovery uses injectants to re-pressurize the reservoir
and to displace oil to producers (WI, GI)
• EOR Processes Target what is left
• Focuses on Rock/Oil/Injection system and interplay of
Capillary and Viscous Forces
IOR refers to any practice to increase oil recovery that may
include EOR processes, as well as practices to increase sweep
such as infill drilling, horizontal wells etc.
Source : Guest Editorial, JPT 2003
14
ONGC a Wealth Creator