Graphic: City of Maplewood RESIDENTIAL RAIN GARDENS 1 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. A rain garden is a water-quality tool that you can use in your own yard. 2 WHAT WE’LL COVER What is a “rain garden”? Functions and benefits How to make one Plant selection Maintenance Cost Helpful resources 3 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. WHAT IS A “RAIN GARDEN”? A shallow sunken garden that recycles the rain – less than 8” deep Rainwater runoff is directed toward it Runoff soaks in Photo: Mary Nolte, Fulton neighborhood, Minneapolis 4 PLANTS HELP RECYCLE THE RAIN Plant roots absorb water Water goes up the stem Leaf surfaces release moisture Water returns to the atmosphere as a vapor 5 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. A RAIN GARDEN IS ALSO KNOWN AS ... Mini wetland Water quality garden Stormwater marsh Planted swale Bio-retention pond Strategically placed puddle 6 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. FUNCTIONS OF A RAIN GARDEN Diverts runoff from paved surfaces – Driveways, roofs, streets, patios, walks Water moves “sideways” – runs off pavement Keeps runoff on site – Instead of flowing untreated into streams and storm sewers Soil acts like a living sponge – Water moves “down” - into the ground 7 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. BENEFITS OF A RAIN GARDEN Soaks up 30% more runoff than lawns Filters polluted runoff • sediments, fertilizers, pesticides Recharges groundwater Helps prevent flooding Provides habitat/food for butterflies, birds Beautifies a low spot in the yard 8 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. POLLUTED RUNOFF HARMS WATER QUALITY Flows into waterways untreated Harms fish and wildlife Kills vegetation Fouls drinking water supplies Makes recreation areas unsafe 9 EVERY CURB IS A SHORELINE Grass clippings and leaves are the main source of phosphorus in lakes and streams Rain gardens act as filters and remove: – 94% of sediment – 43% of phosphorus – 70% of nitrogen 10 DESIGN FEATURES ARE FLEXIBLE Variables include: Location Soil Size and shape Plants 11 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. © Fitch & Co. LOCATION OF THE RAIN GARDEN www.montgomerycountymd.gov/mc/services/dep/greenman/rain.htm 12 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. GO WITH THE FLOW Observe the drainage pattern in your yard Locate the garden: – in a natural low spot – near sidewalks, driveways, or other paved surfaces – down-slope from roofs, gutters, downspouts, sump pump outlet Direct water into rain garden – channel or buried plastic pipe 13 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Project and photo by Kestrel Design Group 14 Locate the rain garden at least 10 feet from the house, on a gentle slope 15 Graphic: UW Extension Service BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF RAIN GARDEN LOCATIONS 16 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. TRADITIONAL PATH OF ROOF RUNOFF Graphic: Applied Ecological Services, Inc. 17 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Average runoff from a roof is 24,000 gallons per year That would fill 600 bathtubs! 18 ROOF RUNOFF DIRECTED TO RAIN GARDEN 19 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. RAIN GARDENS IN HOME LANDSCAPES In a back yard catching runoff from the garage In a front yard catching runoff from a downspout 20 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. THE SOIL MUST DRAIN! A rain garden is NOT a pond. Percolation test: – – – – fill a 6-inch-deep hole with water should drain within 24 hours if not, don’t put a rain garden there or amend soil “Rain garden soil mix” – 50-60% sand, 20-30% topsoil, 20-30a% compost 21 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. HOW BIG? No standard size Rule of thumb: 1/3 of drainage area – e.g., 170 sq. ft. (10’ x 17’) garden for 500 sq. ft. of drainage area Factors include slope, soil type, distance from runoff point Even a small rain garden is beneficial 22 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. CALCULATING DRAINAGE AREA Area of roof going to down spout L e n g t h Width Length of house 100 feet Width of house 20 feet L X W = 2000 sq ft 2000 sq ft ÷ 4 = 500 sq ft draining to the rain garden Graphic: UW Extension Service 23 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. DESIGNING THE RAIN GARDEN Call Gopher State One: 800-252-1166 Outline it with rope or hose curvy shape Remove sod and dig to desired depth 24 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. DESIGNING THE RAIN GARDEN Features: gently sloping sides flat in the deepest spot berm at low end grass filter strip on top edge mulch – shredded bark 25 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. A soil berm acts like a bumper – keeps water from flowing over edge Photo: UW Extension Publication GWQ037 Berm 26 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. RAIN GARDEN COLLECTS PARKING LOT RUNOFF Photos & design: Kestrel Design Group Spray paint outlines the garden shape 27 Photo and Project by Kestrel Design Group Parking lot runoff flows into the rain garden instead of into the street Runoff pools in the garden, then seeps into the ground 28 BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF A RAIN GARDEN Graphic: UW Extension Publication GWQ037 29 LAYOUT FOR A 140-SQ.FT. GARDEN Graphic: UW Extension Publication GWQ037 30 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Before Buried pipe connects to downspout Berm Photos: Mary Nolte After 31 PLANTS FOR RAIN GARDENS 32 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. SELECT PERENNIAL PLANTS THAT Tolerate both wet and dry spells – plants that like wet feet in deepest part e.g.: Blue flag iris, marsh milkweed, big bluestem, sedges, red-twigged dogwood, buttonbush Tolerate de-icing salts (if near roads) Match up with soil and light conditions 33 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. NATIVE PLANTS HAVE ADVANTAGES Adapted to the climate and native pests Deep rooted – long roots make channels in the soil for water to follow Havens for butterflies, birds, beneficials 34 PRAIRIE PLANTS HAVE DEEP ROOTS Graphic: Conservation Design Forum Inc. 35 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. RAIN GARDENS IN MAPLEWOOD, MN INSTEAD OF CURBS AND GUTTERS Photo: City of Maplewood 36 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. SUN GARDENS Photos: City of Maplewood 37 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. GARDEN FOR LIGHT SHADE Photo: City of Maplewood 38 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. AN EASY SHRUB GARDEN Shrubs: Annabelle Hydrangea American Highbush Cranberry Anthony Waterer Spirea Perennials: Marsh Milkweed Stello d’Oro Daylily Photo: City of Maplewood 39 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. MAINTENANCE Pull weeds (esp. the 1st year) Water ~3 x a week until established – also during a dry spells Mulch – shredded hardwood won’t float away Cut back or mow down 40 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. WHAT ABOUT MOSQUITOES? A rain garden is not a pond No standing water between rainfalls Mosquitoes need at least 7 days in standing water to hatch – will not survive if wetland dries out in less than a week 41 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. ESTIMATED COST AND PLANTS NEEDED Do-it-yourselfers: – about $3 to $5/sq. ft. Professionals: – about $10 - $12/sq.ft Plants needed for 300 sq. ft. garden – 100 for wet zones – 200 for upland zones 42 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. SUMMARY Photo: Mary Nolte Shallow saucer shape Strategic location Plants match soil and moisture levels Soil drains Size appropriate for yard and drainage area 43 © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Discover more at extension.umn.edu © 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this PowerPoint is available in alternative formats upon request. Direct requests to the Extension Store at 800-876-8636. 44