To what extent were the causes of the 2012 Manila flood
physical/natural?
Concept map
A set of explanations through pictures
The land –
change the colour of the phrase that is more likely to cause flooding to red.
Red = likely to cause flooding
Low High
Flat Steep
Land that lets water in
Land that doesn’t let water in
Countryside (rural) Urban
Many rivers Few rivers
Many trees Few trees
The climate
Red = likely to cause flooding
Temperate Polar Tropical Desert
Rainy season Dry season
The people
Red = likely to cause flooding
MEDC (More Economically Developed Country -rich)
LEDC (Less Economically Developed Country - poor )
Well prepared
Is that all?
Poorly prepared
To really understand why a flood occurs you need to understand the
water (hydrological) cycle
Paste a simple diagram of the water cycle showing only
evaporation, precipitation and condensation
Create a collage of the four
types of precipitation.
Precipitation: Precipitation occurs when so much water has
condensed that the air cannot hold it anymore. The clouds get heavy
and water falls back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow.
High / low precipitation rates lead to floods.
Paste a really good picture
that would show an ES child
what evaporation is.
CONDENSATION
Create a collage to show the
many different types of cloud
that exist.
Choose a
cartoon type
picture
Do plants sweat? Well, sort of.... people perspire (sweat) and
plants transpire. Transpiration is the process by which plants
lose water out of their leaves. Transpiration gives evaporation a
bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air.
How does transpiration decrease the chance of floods?
Paste in two photos showing runoff in a rural area and runoff in an urban area
In cities water often runs off into drains that take the water very quickly to
rivers. What is the effect on the river level?
What happens to runoff in a city if the drains are clogged?
Draw your own picture here to show infiltration
Name two things in the classroom water could infiltrate.
Name two things it could not infiltarte.
Create a collage to show
all the places
precipitation can be
stored on the surface of
the Earth – some may be
natural, some may be
manmade, some may be
frozen, some may be
moving.
Definition from wikipedia: Rewrite this in a much
simpler form and paste in a picture to show it.
Interception refers to precipitation that does not reach
the soil, but is instead intercepted by the leaves and
branches of plants and the forest floor. Because of
evaporation, interception of liquid water generally leads to
loss of that precipitation for the drainage basin.
Find individual pictures and paste them together with an
arrow to show how stem flow works.
Does stemflow speed up or slow down a rain droplet’s
journey to the soil?
Is stemflow a good thing for reducing the chance of a
flood?
Why can’t the water continue to flow downwards due to gravity in this diagram? Use either the word
permeable or impermeable in your answer.
Label groundwater onto the second diagram.
True or false: Groundwater is water that is
found underground in the cracks and spaces
in soil, sand and rock.
Surface of a body of
underground water
below which the soil or
rocks are permanently
saturated with water.
Do you think the water
table stays at the same
level all year round?
Why or why not?
What are the
implications of this for
people building wells?
Hydrological cycle: now paste diagram of the water cycle here which includes all the
new words you have learnt.
Watch this animation : (you need to go to slide show –
from current slide)
Water cycle animation
Find a better water cycle animation and put in a
hyperlink to it here.
Find a picture to show each of these flood solutions.
Solutions
Are trees the answer?
Create an annotated diagram to show why trees reduce
the chance of a flood.
Permeable concrete – how could this
prevent future floods in Manila?
News article
Read the news article and sum up what you have read in
one sentence.
Are dams the answer?
Why do dams both prevent floods and create them?
Write a detailed
explanation as to why
Metro Manila
experiences
Use as many of the new water cycle words as you can.