g Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel A “SMART” Solution Transportation Research Board Committee ADC60 Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure Workshop 1 Randall J. Essex, P.E., Executive Vice President World’s Largest Flood Control Tunnelg Malaysia is one of the world’s fastest-growing economies. Its capital, Kuala Lumpur (KL), has been the powerhouse of this growth 2 World’s Largest Flood Control Tunnelg But monsoon rains have created severe flooding and devastating destruction for decades 3 Initial Challenge: Divert the Flooding g Upper River Intercept upper river, and convey flows under city to lower river (blue) During dry periods, use central third of tunnel to convey traffic (red) Lower River 4 Discovery Channel Special: “Extreme Engineering” g 5 Major Hydraulic Components g Upstream water diversion structure and holding pond Inlet structure North Junction gates Downstream diversion structure South Junction gates and pump station Downstream detention pond 6 Physical Hydraulic Features g Level m datum 30 Upstream water gates Upstream Tunnel (Upper Barrel) TWL Upper Rd Deck 20 Downstream water gates Culvert 10 Road Gates in branch tunnels to exits upstream and downstream 0 2000 4000 6000 Distance (approx scale) 7 Min WL Lower Rd Deck Lower 0 -2000 Sg Kerayong Upstream Holding Pond Min WL Outlet culvert and gates TWL Tunnel Outlet Gates and Pump Stn S Junction Box & Pump Stn S Vent Shaft N Vent Shaft N Junction Box Ground Levels Surge Shaft 40 Tunnel Inlet 50 Sg Klang Diversion gates Storage, surge shafts, and pumping Downstream Tunnel (Lower Barrel) 8000 Downstream Storage Pond 10000 12000 Gatehouses g North Gate House Surge Shafts above Flood Flow Road entrance and Exit North Ventilation Shaft North Junction Box To South Junction Box Lower Deck Road Gate (rising flap) (Upper Gate Above) Plan on Lower Road Deck 8 Hydraulic Operation g NO STORM 9 Hydraulic Operation g NO STORM MOST STORMS (7-10/YR) 10 Roadway Tunnel Operation g NO STORM MOST STORMS (7-10/YR) MAJOR STORMS (2 EVERY 5 YRS) 11 World’s First Bored Doubleg Deck Roadway Tunnel 1.9-mile highway tunnel – Upper and lower decks – 2 x 11 ft lanes – Emergency lane Design speed 40 mph – Indicated speed 35 mph – 800 ft curve radius Headroom 8.2 ft – Cars only – 10 MW fire load Electrical/Systems – full submergence 12 Flood water entrance g Video of Tunnel Flooding Maximum diversion capacity: 280 m3/sec = 4.4 M gals/min) 13 Bored Tunnels g Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs Pressurized face slurry shields One-pass bolted and gasketed segmental lining 14 Bored Tunnels g Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs Pressurized face slurry shields One-pass bolted and gasketed segmental lining 15 Bored Tunnels g Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs Pressurized face slurry shields One-pass bolted and gasketed segmental lining Mined total of 6.5 miles in two directions from single slot trench workers 16 Construction g 17 Construction g 18 Toll Plaza g 19 Entrance Ramp g 20 Lower Roadway Deck g 21 Upper Roadway Deck g 22 Exit Ramp g 23 Current Use 50 g 250 Annual events 2007 - 2011 45 40 200 35 30 150 Annual event M2 = invert only M3 = Lower deck 25 Cumulative events 20 100 15 10 50 5 0 0 M2 24 M3 M2 M3 2007 2008 2 2 M2 M3 2009 Year M2 M3 2010 M2 M3 2011 1 Client Satisfaction g “With SMART under our belt we can be confident that we’ll be ready when a big flood arrives” Contractor: MMC/ Gamuda JV Engineer: Hatch Mott MacDonald – sub to Gamuda 25