Science, Technology, Innovation and Culture for Sustainable
Development in Nigeria.
Presented by Dr. Precious Kalamba Gbeneol
B. Med. Sci. (Pharmacology), MBBS, MPH, FWACP, FMCFM,
Senior Special Assistant to the President on the MDGs
At the 2013 Annual Ministerial Review of the Economic
and Social Council .
July, 2013.
Millennium Development Goals: Putting People First
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Outline
• Where are we on the MDGs?
• What are the innovations driving MDGs progress in Nigeria ?
• How have we harnessed the potential of science, technology
innovation and culture for socio-economic transformation?
• How have we mainstreamed sustainable development into national
development strategies?
• What are the emerging national challenges that need priority
attention from governments and other key stakeholders?
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MDG 1: Eradicate Poverty and Extreme Hunger
Prevalence of Underweight
Children Under Five Years of
Age
2008
2011
2012
25.00%
2015
20.00%
27.40%
23.10%
Proportion of the Population
Suffering from Hunger
19.31%
24.20%
15.00%
17.85%
10.00%
8.26%
9.66%
5.00%
0.00%
1991
2008
2011
2012
2012
2015
2015
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MDG 2: Universal Basic Education
Net Attendance Ratio in Primary
School
120%
Literacy Amongst 15 - 24 Year Old
Women
120%
100%
100%
80%
62.10%
70.10%
80%
71%
60%
60%
40%
40%
20%
20%
0%
0%
2008
2011
2012
2015
100%
100%
64.30%
65.60%
66%
2008
2011
2012
Millennium Development Goals: Putting People First
2015
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MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Ratio of Girls to 100 Boys in
Primary School
1990
2008
2012
100
Ratio of Girls to 100 Boys in
Secondary School
2015
1990
100
85.4
76
1990
75
2008
2012
2008
2015
1990
Millennium Development Goals: Putting People First
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2015
102
100
2012
2015
79.9
2008
5
MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000
Live Births)
120
Under 5 Mortality Ratio (per
1,000 Live Births)
180
97
100
160
157
158
140
80
75
120
61
94
100
60
80
40
30
64
60
40
20
20
0
0
2008
2011
2012
2015
Millennium Development Goals: Putting People First
2008
2011
2012
2015
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MDG 5: Maternal Mortality
Percentage of Births Attended
by Skilled Health Personnel
90%
78.75%
80%
Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live birth)
70%
800
60%
48.70%
50%
40%
53.60%
Per 100,000
live births
38.90%
545
350
250
30%
2004
20%
2008
2012
2015
10%
0%
2008
2011
2012
2015
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MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, & Other Diseases
Percentage of Children Under Five
Sleeping Under ITN
150%
100%
100%
50%
5.50%
34.60%
0%
2008
2012
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MDG 7: Water & Sanitation
Percentage of Population Using
Improved Sanitation Facility,
Urban and Rural (de jure
Population)
Percentage of population using
improved drinking water source,
urban and rural (de jure
population)
80%
90%
77%
80%
70%
60%
55.80% 58.50%
69.50%
70%
60%
57%
50%
50%
40%
40%
31.20%
33.70%
2008
2012
30%
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
2008
2011
2012
2015
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MDG 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Debt service as a percentage export of goods and services
(2000 – 2011) 18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Telephone Lines (%)
2005
2006
30.0
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Internet Users (%)
60
25.0
50
40
20.0
30
15.0
20
10
10.0
0
1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
5.0
Fixed Telephone lines per 100 population
Cellular phone subscribers per 100 population
0.0
1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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Key Drivers and Bottlenecks
What are the key drivers?
• Improved policy environment
• Improved economic
performance
• Better collaboration among
actors
• Adapting Science Technology
and Innovation (STI) to
improve MDGs interventions
• The disbursement of the DRGs
continues to play a critical role.
What are the key bottlenecks?
• Unequal leadership commitment.
• Weak involvement of
beneficiaries.
• Cultural and behavioural
challenges
• Climate change
• Emerging security challenges
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Debt Relief Gains Implementation (DRGs): Total Dollar Appropriation
Across Time
2006 - 2012 DRG Appropriation Totals in Dollars
The
implementation $1,000
$900
of the DRGs as
$800
additional
funding to the
$700
traditional
$600
Total,
annual budget(Dollars,
$500
Millions)
highlights
$400
Nigeria’s
$300
commitment to
$200
the MDGs
$100
framework with
demonstrable
$0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
impact at the
Year
grassroots.
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Millennium
Development Goals: Putting People First
MDGs/DRGs Capital Supplementation Appropriations
Across 2006-2012: Line Chart
Billions
50
Conditional Grants
Scheme
45
40
Monitoring &
Evaluation
35
Quick win
30
Communications
25
Special Presidential
Interventions
20
MDGs Special Projects
15
Consultancies and
Short-term surveys
10
5
Support to UNDP
Millennium Campaign
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Millennium Development Goals: Putting People First
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MDGs/DRGs Appropriations to MDAs
Across 2006-2012: Line Chart
Billions
30
Education
Health
Youth Development
25
Women Affairs
Agriculture
20
Water Resources
Social Safety Nets
Lands, Housing & Urban Development
15
Environment
Power
Works
10
FCT
Defence
5
Police
Capacity Building
Science and Technology
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Millennium Development Goals: Putting People First
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Petroleum
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Implementation of the Debt Relief Gains: Conditional Grants Scheme
In addition to the impact generated from
the CCT scheme, some examples from the • In 2011, around 26% of the population
benefitted from the CGS.
CGS are revealing:
1. More than 2,844 primary health care
facilities were rehabilitated or constructed
2. 6,673 health workers trained
3. More than 74,000 primary school teachers
recruited
4. Over 2.4 million insecticide-treated nets
(ITNs) provided
5. 3,524 small town boreholes with solarpowered pumps
6. 6,031 boreholes with hand pumps
7. 393 small town water supply schemes
constructed
8. 3,709 VIP toilets constructed
9. 7,673 people trained on vocational skills.
• About 28.4 million people are
benefiting from the investment in
primary care through the CGS.
• Interventions in water and sanitation
also benefits about 8.85 million
people.
• At least 213,437 benefitted from the
skills acquisition programmes.
• There is still room for substantial
improvement in coverage, usage,
access by the target groups and
quality of facilities.
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Planning and Targeting of Investment
The CGS targets those with the greatest need. We deployed Science, Technology
and Innovation to conduct the following in order to reach the most disadvantaged in
society:
1. Poverty Mapping
2. Baseline Facility Inventory
3. Needs Assessment
• Findings of Needs Assessment reveal that $78 per capita per year is needed to
attain the MDGs by 2015 in Education, Health, Agriculture and Water &
Sanitation sectors.
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An Example of a Poverty Map
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Ekiti South-West: Overview from Baseline
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Location of Facilities in the LGA
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Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) through e-registration and e-payment
Structure
24 States – N10Bn (50% counterpart contribution from States) will go to
extreme poor households with children 0-15 years & pregnant women.
• 56,500 households receive N5,000 per month for 12 months. They
undergo agro-business training during the program and receive
N100,000 at exit to aid in enterprise start-up.
• Science, Technology and Innovation deployed through e-payment
and e-registration
Criteria for Selection
Human Capacity Development Index broken down to state level,
Needs Assessment, Baseline Facility Inventory and Poverty Mapping
were used
• Five poorest LGAs, five poorest wards in the LGAs with the
selections of the poorest households within the wards.
• Sim cards and mobile phones bought for all beneficiaries
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Enhancing Citizen Engagement in Accelerating the
Attainment of the MDGs in Nigeria
• OSSAP – MDGs in collaboration with UNDP, with support
from the Democratic Governance Thematic Trust Fund
(DGTTF), is implementing a project titled enhancing
citizen engagement in accelerating attainment of
the MDGs in Nigeria.
• It aims to strengthen and develop tools and mechanisms
that would ensure communities’ voice is part of decision
making
• Feedback is submitted from beneficiary communities on
the performance of MDGs interventions across the country
through SMS, Email, or a Web Form into a central database
at www.mdgs.gov.ng/community
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Other policy and institutional innovations driving progress on the
Internationally Agreed Development Goals (IADGs)
1. Nigeria strengthened coordination through the Joint Planning Board, the National
Economic Council and the National Economic Management Team
2. Establishment of an Excess Crude Oil Account (now replaced by the Sovereign Wealth
Fund) and promulgating the Fiscal Responsibility Legislation to ensure transparency
3. Revamping the 23 Industrial Development Centres (IDCs)
4. Establishment of the National SMEs Credit Guarantee Scheme to facilitate easier access
of SMEs to credit
5. Implementation of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme to make funds
available for interventions in primary and early secondary school education
6. Free Basic Health programmes especially for Children less than 5 years and pregnant
women by State Governments, OSSAP-MDGs and other partners
7. Liberalization of the telecommunication sector, etc.
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Science Technology and Innovation for socio-economic
transformation
•Nigeria had its first National Science and Technology (S&T) Policy in
1986 while the current policy commenced in 2012.
•The institutional framework for planning and managing Science,
Technology and Innovation in Nigeria is coordinated by The Federal
Ministry of Science and Technology (FMST).
•The establishment of the National Biotechnology Development
Agency (NABDA) in November 2001 has contributed to socio-economic
transformation in a number of ways.
•The National Agency for Science & Engineering Infrastructure
(NASENI) has aided socioeconomic transformation.
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Maximizing the Benefits of Culture and the Creative Sector
In June 1999, Federal Ministry of Culture and Tourism established:
• The Ministry built 12 Cultural Industrial Centres in the six geo-political
zones. The centres provide physical infrastructure to enable cultural
activities thrive and serve as a one-stop shop for cultural goods and
services.
• The country has a movie industry worth $500 million, creating some 200
videos for the home video market every month. The products from
Nollywood have become a major source of export to various parts of the
world.
• Government recently began disbursing grants to movie-makers to boost
investment in Nollywood
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Threat of Flooding in Nigeria
Nigeria witnessed an unprecedented flood that affected
several states of the Federation in 2012.
• The flood seriously affected 14 states in terms of its intensity and
impact.
• In these 14 states, 395,631 households in 116 out of 291 LGAs
were severely affected.
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Interventions to Tackle the Threat of Flooding in Nigeria
1.
Immediate evacuation of the
affected population away from
the flooded areas.
Relocation of the affected
population in temporary
shelters/accommodation
including relocation of pupils to
other schools.
Development of a consolidated
Internally Displaced Persons
(IDPs) register
Provision of food and non-food
items, medical and other
humanitarian assistance.
Repair of roads to link cut-off
towns/settlements.
6.
The Federal Government in
collaboration with development
partners carried out the national 2012
Flood Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
2.
(PDNA).
7. The Federal Ministry of Environment
with support from development
partners like the UNDP developed the
flood early warning system and tools
3.
to forecast occurrence of flood five
days in advance in about 600
communities.
4.
8. The National Emergency Management
Authority (NEMA) in collaboration
with UNDP has developed the draft
5.
Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction
as well as identification and
monitoring of risks.
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Millennium Development Goals: Putting People First
Tackling Environmental Challenges in Nigeria
Specific policies and action plans to address environmental challenges
that have been put in place include:
1. National Policy on Drought and Desertification;
2. Drought Preparedness Plan;
3. National Policy on Erosion, Flood Control and Coastal Zone
Management;
4. National Environmental Sanitation Policy and Action Plan;
5. National Policy Guidelines on Solid Waste Management, Market
and Abattoir Sanitation, Excreta and Sewage Management,
Sanitary Inspection Premises and Pests and Vector Control;
6. National Forest Policy;
7. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan;
8. National Healthcare Waste Management Policy/Action Plan and
Guidelines.
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Conclusion
• The Federal Republic of Nigeria is committed to the realization
of the MDGs and other Internationally Agreed Development
Goals.
• Nigeria’s Vision 20:2020 aims at optimizing the country’s human
and natural resources to achieve rapid, sustained economic
growth, translating such growth into inclusive, equitable and
sustainable development for Nigerians.
• Going forward, Government is committed to an STI-based
development framework which delivers the needed critical
socio-economic transformation to all without leaving anyone
behind.
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Thank you for your attention!
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