Dramatic video
fairly dramatic video
AP Biology
Dramatic video about PROTISTS!!
fairly dramatic video
AP Biology
Kingdom: Protists
Domain Eukarya
Domain
Bacteria
AP Biology
Domain
Archaea
Domain
Eukarya
2007-2008
Common ancestor
General characteristics
 Classification criteria
eukaryotes
 not animal, plant or fungi

That’s more of
what they’re not
& not
what they are!
AP Biology
Great Diversity
AP Biology
Problems with Protist Classification
 Too Diverse!


doesn’t reflect any evolutionary relationship
amongst all kingdom members
Paraphyletic (what is life’s basal taxon?)
Something’s
not right here!
AP Biology
Theory of Endosymbiosis
internal
membrane
system
aerobic
bacterium
Eukaryotic cell with
mitochondrion
Ancestral eukaryotic cell
chloroplast
mitochondrion
photosynthetic
bacterium
AP Biology
Eukaryotic cell with chloroplasts
Paramecium &
symbiont Chlorella
Protist Diversity
 The full spectrum of modes of life
from unicellular to multicellular
 autotrophic to heterotrophic
 asexual to sexual reproduction
 pathogenic to beneficial
 sessile to mobile

AP Biology
Motility
 How Protists move
flagellum
 cilia
 pseudopod

AP Biology
Protist Diversity
 Animal-like Protists

heterotrophs, predators
 Amoeba
 Paramecium
 Stentor
Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium
AP Biology
Paramecium with food
vacuoles stained red
Protist Diversity
 Plant-like Protists

autotrophs, photosynthesis
 Euglena
 algae
 diatoms
AP Biology
Figure 28.15
Blade
Stipe
Holdfast
AP Biology
Protist Diversity
 Parasitic & pathogenic Protists
malaria
 Giardia
 trypanosomes

Plasmodium
Giardia
AP Biology
Trypanosoma
Protist Diversity
 Beneficial & necessary Protists

phytoplankton
 small algae + diatoms
 much of the world’s photosynthesis
 produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen

zooplankton
 heterotrophic protists + animals
 key ecological role at base of
marine food web
Mmmmmm!
Sounds like breakfast!
AP Biology
Figure 28.16-2
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
Sporangia
Sporophyte
(2n)
10 cm
MEIOSIS
Zoospore
Female
Developing
sporophyte
Gametophytes
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
Mature female
gametophyte
(n)
FERTILIZATION
Male
Egg
Sperm
AP Biology
Figure 28.10-3
Inside mosquito
Inside human
Merozoite
Sporozoites
(n)
Liver
Liver
cell
Apex
Oocyst
MEIOSIS
Red blood
cell
Merozoite
(n)
Zygote
(2n)
0.5 m
Red blood
cells
FERTILIZATION
Gametes
AP Biology
Gametocytes
(n)
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
Figure 28.17-3
Oogonium
Germ tube
Egg nucleus
(n)
Antheridial
Cyst
hypha with
sperm nuclei
(n)
MEIOSIS
Hyphae
ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Zoospore
(2n)
FERTILIZATION
Zygote
germination
Zoosporangium
(2n)
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
AP Biology
SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Zygotes
(oospores)
(2n)
4 cm
The life cycle of a plasmodial slime mold.
Cool time-lapse video
FERTILIZATION
Zygote
(2n)
Feeding
plasmodium
Mature
plasmodium
(preparing to fruit)
Flagellated
cells
(n)
Young
sporangium
Amoeboid cells
(n)
Germinating
spore
Spores
(n)
Mature
sporangium
MEIOSIS
1 mm
Stalk
What is the benefits of heterokaryosis
AP Biology (becoming plasmodial)?
Key
Haploid (n)
Diploid (2n)
Any
Questions??
AP Biology
2007-2008