Rhizobium Activity
Manhasset Science Research
Need
Bean Yellow Mosaic
Virus (Brunt, 1996)
Unaffected
Pea Leaf
Bean Mosaic
Pea Leaf
Asia leads in
soybean
production and
intake (Westcott,
2008)
Knowledge Base
(Deacon, 2009)
Nodule formation on stem
causes growth stimulation
(Burdass, 2002)
(Clark, 1998)
Aphids
(Homoptera)
transmit BYMV
(Day, 1996)
Knowledge Base
(Townsend, 2009)
Honeydew is a large amount of sugary
liquid waste, adding up of plants and
infecting them (Townsend, 2009)
Knowledge Base
Poole, 2006
Rhizobium is the most important bacterial
group in nitrogen fixation (Burdass, 2002)
Knowledge Base
(Hogan, 2008)
Excess nitrogen can boost plant growth by 20%
in Southeast Asian forests like this (Hogan, 2008)
Knowledge Base
González, 2006
Nodule formation processes (Burdass, 2002)
Knowledge Base
(Dhabi , 2008)
(Poole, 2006)
Soybeans have a symbiotic relationship with
nitrogen-fixing rhizobia (De Moraes, 2009)
Literature Review
“Induced Plant Signaling And Its Implications For
Environmental Sensing”. Journal of Toxicology
and Environmental Health. Consuelo De Moraes.
(Gepts ,2009)
Inoculant rhizobium
produces nitrogen
fixation and
exterminates aphids
(De Moraes, 2004)
Literature Review
“'Natural' Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Protect Soybeans
From Aphids”. Penn State University. Jennifer Dean.
Dean suggests inoculant companies
rhizobium provids less nitrogen
fixation, and greater pest
extermination.
(Dean, 2009)
Literature Review
“Bacteria.” Botany An Introduction to Plant Biology.
Elliot T. Wier, Ralph C. Stocking, Michael C. Barbour.
(Poole, 2006)
(Brown, 1996)
Rhizobium is one of few bacteria that doesn’t harm
the host plant (Wier, 1974)
Literature Review
“Rhizobium- legume Symbiosis.”
Department of Molecular & Cell Biology.
Juan E. González.
Exopolysaccharides
(microorganisms) may play a
role in nitrogen fixaton
Literature Review
“Characterisation of Hardenbergia Mosaic
Virus and Development of Microarrays for
Detecting Viruses in Plants.”
Murdoch University.
Craig Graham Webster.
Potyvirus can cause malformation of legumes
Purpose/Hypothesis
• The purpose of an experiment testing the
effects of rhizobium on nodulation processes
and aphid extermination is to find which
specific type or strand of rhizobium, natural or
inoculants, will better form nodules, and
decrease aphid activity.
• H(a) suggests that inoculant rhizobium will
better form nodules and exterminate aphids
Methods
Rhizobium Strain Effects On Nitrogen Fixation and Aphid
Extermination
Natural rhizobium strains
Oil based inoculant rhizobium strains
N=10
N=10
5-7 days incubation, sub culturing TY plates,
growth in media and nodulation
Aphids exposed to nodules
Nodules formed in effect of inoculant/ natural
strains
Percentage of aphids exterminated by inoculant/
natural strains
ANOVA, Scheffe post-hoc test: inoculants with
natural rhizobium (p<.05)
Methods
Protocols
-Isozation processes
Hollowell, 2009
-Nodulation testing
Taranto, 2003
Do-Ability
-Incubators and microscopes will not have to be
purchased
-Rhizobium Inoculum, soybean seeds, prepared
media plates, and Homopteran aphid bugs are
easily purchasable from online catalogs
Budget
Vendor
Catalog #
Page/Website Quantity
Description
Price
Carolina Science Catalog
$13.00
NP-15-4720
42
1
Rhizobium Inoculum
Carolina Science Catalog
$365.00
NP-70-1296
323
1
Lab Incubator $365.00
1
Soybean Seeds $9.00
1
Educational Microscope
Online Carolina Science Catalog 821662
$14.50
1
Prepared media plates
$14.50
WebWab Online
$5.99
1
Homopteran aphid bugs
$5.99
Online Carolina Science Catalog 178200
Carolina Science Catalog
$225.00
NP-59-0950
$225.00
244115
616
Total
$13.00
$9.00
Citations
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Beringer, J.E.”R Factor Transfer in Rhizobium Leguminosarum.” Journal of General
Microbiology. Vol 84. 1980. Pps 188-198.
Brown, Kathryn. “Vaccine Cuisine.” Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol 104.
1996. Pps 3.
Burdass, Dariel. “Rhizobium, Root Nodules & Nitrogen Fixation.” society for general
Microbiology. 2002. Microbiology Online. 2002
<http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/forms/rhizobium.pdf>
Byrd, John D. “General Information and Agronomic Aspects.” infonet-BIOVISION.
2009. BioVision framework. 5 May 2009 < http://www.infonetbiovision.org/default/ct/137/crops>
Day, Eric. “Aphid.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica. 7
May 2009 < http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/669046/aphid>
Dean, Jennifer. “'Natural' Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria Protect Soybeans From Aphids.”
PHYSORG.com. 2009. Penn State University. 14 Apr 2009
<www.physorg.com/news158926862.html>
De Moraes, Consuelo. “INDUCED PLANT SIGNALING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL SENSING.” Taylor & Francis healthsciences. 2004. Journal of
Toxicology and Environmental Health.
http://www.cas.psu.edu/docs/casdept/entomol/Personnel/Faculty/pdfs/demorae
s/ToxiDeMoraes.pdf
Citations
Dhabi, Adu. “Soybeans.” Glynnise.com 2009. PinoyVegetarian. May 2009.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://katynally.files.wordpress.com/200
9/03/soybean.jpg&imgrefurl=http://katynally.wordpress.com/2009/03/&usg=__zh
VqFFGmmMWJ9YI6p9SC7bbfmAs=&h=395&w=300&sz=75&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=
6Lr3bGxwCSB7hM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsoybean%26gbv
%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
Gepts, Paul. “Contemporary Methods in the Study of Crop Evolution.” PLB143Lecture 06. 2009. Archaeology. September, 2009.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://agronomy.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb1
43/lec06/nod1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.plantsciences.ucdavis.edu/gepts/pb143/
lec06/pb143l06.htm&usg=__X2E6CQqkGpEjA5Z23Zk6lkkhn0M=&h=479&w=389&s
z=84&hl=en&start=17&um=1&tbnid=nLNjRQMrwRo8xM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=105&
prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnitrogen%2Bfixation%2Bsoybeans%26hl%3Den%26um%3D
1
González, Juan E. “Faculty and Research.” Department of Molecular & Cell Biology.
2006. Research Interests. 6 Feb 2006
Citations
González, Juan E. “Faculty and Research.” Department of Molecular & Cell Biology.
2006. Research Interests. 6 Feb 2006
http://www.utdallas.edu/biology/faculty/research/gonzalez.html
Hogan, Michele. “Nitrogen Pollution Boosts Plant Growth In Tropics By 20 Percent.”
Science News. 2008. Science Daily. 12 Feb 2008 <
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080206111244.htm>
Kimball, John W. “Nitrogen Fixation.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2009.
Encyclopedia Britannica. 7 May 2009 <
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416291/nitrogen-fixation>
Townsend, Lee. “Aphids.” University of Kentucky Entomology. 2009. College of
Agriculture. 6 March 2009 <
http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/ef103.asp>