Unit Promoting health and well-being © Harcourt Education Limited 2002 PIES The four components of health Physical health needs Intellectual health needs • • • • • • • • • • Active brain Lifelong learning Not being bored Getting involved in stimulating activities • Feeling motivated Feeling healthy Sparkling eyes Able to run for the bus Plenty of energy Body working well Not having a headache Good teeth Good appetite Feeling fit Shiny hair Emotional health needs • • • • • • Not too much stress Coping with life Good relationships Feeling happy and contented Understanding ourselves Understanding others • • • • PIES Social health needs • Interested in activities with others • Having and maintaining friendships • Enjoying meeting people • Getting on well with others • Mixing with others • Access to leisure facilities PIES for babies Physical needs Intellectual needs Emotional needs Social needs Warmth Play Bonding with carer Develop routines Shelter Stimulation Love Meet people Balanced diet Toys Encouragement Play with others Protection Experiences Laughter Explore their environment Good hygiene Picture books Value Sleep Television Exercise Role modelling PIES for children and adolescents Physical needs Intellectual needs Emotional needs Social needs Warmth Play Respect Develop routines Shelter Role modelling Love Meet many people Balanced diet Stimulation Encouragement Protection Advanced toys Laughter Good hygiene New experiences Value Sleep Books Dignity Exercise Television Learning independence Education Self-esteem Prepare for employment Learning to be responsible Play and learn with others Explore their environment Access to social facilities PIES for adults aged 18 to 65 Physical needs Intellectual needs Emotional needs Warmth Books Respect Shelter Television Love Balanced diet Newspapers Encouragement Safe surroundings Conversation Feel valued Good hygiene Education Independence Sleep Stimulating job Self-esteem Exercise Supportive relationships Convenient health facilities Support in times of distress Comfort Financial security Good sexual health and awareness Social needs Form and maintain relationships with others Opportunities to mix with others New experiences and hobbies Access to facilities and services Leisure time PIES for older people Physical needs Intellectual needs Emotional needs Social needs Warmth Books Respect Leisure facilities Shelter Television Love Balanced diet Newspapers Encouragement Safe surroundings Conversation Feel valued Good hygiene Education Independence Sleep Self-esteem Exercise Supportive relationships Convenient health facilities Support in times of distress Comfort Financial security Practical help Opportunities to mix with others Information about leisure facilities Access to facilities and services A healthy lifestyle Fat deposits release fatty acids Body temperature rises Increased heart rate and vasodilation SHORT TERM LONG TERM Increased breathing rate Glycogen stores turn to glucose Benefits of exercise Resting heart rate decreases Increased feeling of well-being More protection from heart attacks Energy used up Loss of weight Muscles develop strength Joints become more flexible Stamina and endurance increase Factors affecting health and well-being Genetic make-up Environmental pollution Age, sex Leisure services, shops Family, friends Health services Religion, race and culture Advertising Income Employment status, social class Stress Social life Education Housing Risks to health and well-being Drugs Alcohol Substance abuse is too much use of, or the unsafe use of… Solvents Repeat prescription drugs Cigarettes Harmful effects of misusing drugs Physical Social Psychological • Heart problems • Respiratory • Crime • Unreliability • Unemployment • No friends • Homelessness • Law breaking • Vulnerable to • Panic • Depression • Hallucinations • Paranoia • Mental confusion problems • Dehydration • HIV • Hepatitis infections • Sleeplessness accidents Effects of alcohol abuse Short-term effects • Feeling good • Loss of self-control • Lack of inhibition • Lack of money • Social relationships destroyed • Slow reaction time – brain areas affected Long-term effects • • • • • • • Alcohol dependence Cirrhosis of the liver Vulnerability to accidents Depression Weakened immune system – more infections Altered sexual performance – stimulates desire but weakens performance Damage to brain – can lead to coma followed by death Solvent abuse Effects of solvent abuse • • • • • • • • Hallucinations Suffocation Vomiting Kidney damage Lack of concentration (leading to accidents) Liver damage Headaches Heart failure Hazards of smoking Nicotine Irritant particles Tar Carbon monoxide HAZARDS OF SMOKING Exposure in childhood Heart disease and poor circulation Exposure in pregnancy