Narcolepsy
-Chronic sleep disorder
-disorder is characterized by excessive daytime
sleepiness
-Person feels extreme fatigue and
falls asleep at inappropriate times
-Sudden attack of REM Sleep
Causes of Narcolepsy
-people with narcolepsy have a reduced numbers of
protein producing neurons that control appetite
and sleep patterns
-These proteins are called hypocretin or orexin
A depiction of the neuropeptide Orexin A. People
with narcolepsy often have a reduced number of
neurons that produce this protein.
Narcolepsy
• Symptoms
- Excessive sleepiness
- Temporary decrease
or loss of muscle
control
- Vivid dream like
images
- Unable to move or
talk while asleep
• Prevalence
- Has been calculated
to be 0.03%
- Can occur during
anytime in life
- Mostly affects teens
- Has been found to be
hereditary
Treatment of Narcolepsy!
Taking short, scheduled naps may
be a great way to lessen the effects of narcolepsy
Restless Leg Syndrome
• Symptoms: Creeping or crawling
sensations that make the legs
uncomfortable unless they are
moving.
• Prevalence: Millions of people are
affected by RLS.
• Definition: A sleep disorder
characterized by leg discomfort
during sleep, which is only
relieved by frequent movements of
the legs.
• Causes: In most patients, the
cause is unknown. However, RLS
has been linked to pregnancy,
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•
•
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Periodic Leg Movement
Disorder
Symptoms: Repetitive cramping or
jerking of legs while sleeping.
Movements are rhythmic and occur
every 20-40 seconds.
Prevalence: This disorder is more
common in elderly or middle aged
people.
Definition: A disorder in which the
patient is awakened repeatedly during
the night by cramps in the calf
muscles.
Causes: Has no known cause. Has
been linked to abnormalities in
regulation of nerves traveling from
brain to legs.
Treatment: Various medications may
help. Sleeping pills prevent frequent
By Jenna and Emily
Definitions
• Sleep Apnea is when someone temporary stops breathing
in their sleep.
• Snoring is a rattling noise made by someone when they
are sleeping usually from the back of their mouth or noise.
Causes
•Sleep apnea is caused by not enough air can get to
your lungs. This could because the person has a
cold or allergies.
•Snoring is caused by too much throat or nasal
tissues. Also the position of the tongue can cause
snoring.
Treatments
•Nasal strips or spray
•Sleep on side
•Elevate head 4-6 in
SYMPTOMS AND
PREVALENCE
-When airway is blocked soft tissue in
the throat collapses and closes while
asleep
-Irritable, lack of sleep, soar throat,
emotional issues, morning headaches,
loss of energy, loud snoring, daytime
sleepiness possibly while driving
-approximately 1 in 15 people in USA
-more likely for men than women
Sleepwalking
By: Charita Donahue
Purposeful moving, usually but not always including walking,
while in a deep stage (stage 4) of sleep.
Symptoms
open eyes glassy, staring appearance as the person quietly roams.
Causes
Sleep deprivation, chaotic sleep schedules, fever, stress, magnesium
deficiency, and alcohol intoxication can trigger sleepwalking.
Sleepwalking
Treatments
Medication
ProSom
Klonopin
Trazodone (Desyrel)
•
•
•
Get adequate sleep
Limit stresss. Meditate or do relaxation exercises.
Avoid any kind of stimuli (auditory or visual) prior to bedtime
Other
Sleepwalking is common in children. 3% to 17% of children sleepwalk.
It peaks between the ages of 10 and 12. It rarely continues on into adulthood,
and is even more unlikely to first develop in adulthood. Under 1% of adults
sleepwalk.
Insomnia
• Insomnia is defined as a persistent
difficulty in falling asleep. Also, waking
up and not feeling rested and restored.
• Insomnia is caused by:
– Psychoactive drugs or stimulants
– Hormone shifts (menstruation & menopause)
– Life problems: Fear, stress, & anxiety
Symptoms & Prevalence
• Difficulty falling
asleep
• Waking up
frequently during the
night
• Irritability
• Difficulty
concentrating
• Daytime sleepiness
• 30-40% of adults say
they have symptoms
of insomnia in a
given year.
• 10-15% of adults say
they have chronic
insomnia. (when it
persists for longer
than a month.)
REM Behavior Disorder
patient may wake
spontaneously during the
attack and vividly recall the
dream that corresponds to
the physical action
acting out violent dreams during
REM sleep
Potentially dangerous objects
should be removed from the
bedroom, and the mattress should
be placed on the floor or a cushion
should be put around the bed
often causing self-injury or injury
to the bed partner
behaviors are usually nondirected
can include punching, kicking,
leaping, crying out, or running from
bed while still in REM sleep
RBD can be treated by various
medications; however, the
response varies in individual cases
REM Behavior Disorder
36% of people with
narcolepsy experience
symptoms of RBD
2% overall prevalence of
violent behaviors during
sleep
25% of which were likely to
be due to RBD
=0.5% of RBD in general
population
*exact incidence and
prevalence of RBD are
unknown because of
inadequate reporting and
misdiagnosis
several studies have
suggested that idiopathic RBD
is linked with the later
development of
neurodegenerative disorders
like Parkinson disease and
Lewy body dementia
RBD may occur in association
with various neurological
conditions such as vascular
lesions, brainstem neoplasm,
autoimmune/inflammatory
disorders, and
neurodegenerative disorders
REM Behavior Disorder
REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a
sleep disorder characterized by loss of
normal voluntary muscle atonia during
REM sleep associated with complex
motor behavior while dreaming.
(http://members.medscape.com/article/1188651-overview)
Night Terrors and Nightmares
By : Ashley Merrick, and Dan
Symptoms
Night terrors
• Screaming, kicking, thrashing, and flailing
• One third sleep walk
• Disorientated, eyes can be open with pupils fully
dilated
• Change in body
• Not easily awakened
• Last 1-15 minutes
• Stage 4, Physical effects (breathing, heart rate,
sweating, etc)
Symptoms
Nightmares
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•
•
•
Vivid realistic dreams causing fear
Being afraid after dreams
Remembering the dream
Occur during REM sleep
Prevalence
Night terrors
• Mainly boys
• Ages 3-5
• Rare after age 12
Prevalence
Nightmares
• Can not be known
• People do not record nightmares
Definition
Night terrors and Nightmares
• Nightmares/Night Terrors-are dreams that scare
people and cause them to wake up. Night Terrors
are much more severe and usually leave the person
moaning, crying, gasping, a screaming. They are
so severe the fear can last from 5 to 20 minutes. It
is also so scary a person’s heartbeat is usually
about 160 to 170 beats per minute.
Causes
Night terrors and Nightmares
• No one is for sure on the causes but things
like stress or medications that heavily affect
the brain can bring them on. Also over
sleeping or being over tired.
• Some doctors think spicy food might have
some relevance
Treatment
Night Terrors
•
•
•
•
Do not awaken
Protect from harm
Give affection (hug, sing)
Severe cases doctors will give
Benzodiazepine tranquillizers such as
diazepam that will prevent stage 4 sleep
(not recommended)
Treatment
Nightmares
• If on drugs, stop taking them
• If reoccurring see a therapist
• Avoid spicy food
Night Terrors and Nightmares
By: Daniel Hoz
Night Terrors
Causes/Treatment of Disorder
Causes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stressful Life Events
Fever
Sleep Deprivation
Medications that affect the central nervous system (brain)
1.
2.
3.
Treatment:
Make the child’s room safe so they don’t get hurt
Eliminate all sources of sleep disturbance
Maintain a consistent bed time routine and wake up routine
Nightmares
Causes/Treatment of disorder
Causes
1.
Psychiatric disorders
2.
MAJOR Physiological traumas, such as PTSD
3.
Stress
4.
Medications or Drug Abuse
Treatment
1.
Treating the underlying cause
2.
Medications
3.
Relaxation or Chillaxing, such as Yoga and such.
SWSD and Jet Lag
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
SWSD (Shift Work Sleep
Disorder)
• Symptoms are excessive sleepiness,
insomnia, difficulty concentrating,
headaches, and lack of energy.
• Prevalence are people who may frequently
rotate shifts or work at night.
• Treatments are being put on medication, and
try not to get your work shifted if possible.
Jet Lag
• Symptoms are fatigue, insomnia, anxiety,
constipation, diarrhea, confusion, dehydration,
headaches, irritability, nausea, sweating,
coordination problems, and memory loss.
• Prevalence: affects most people who fly that cross
five or more time zones. Severity increases with
number of zones they travel through.
• Treatments are to be put on medication.