Questionnaire on Clinical
Pharmacology
Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme
1
1. Is there a clear definition of clinical pharmacology in your country?
Yes: 22
No: 5
a. As a scientific discipline?
Yes: 20
No: 7
b. As an academic discipline in teaching and research?
Yes: 24
No: 3
c. As a medical specialty with defined functions in patient care?
Yes: 17
No: 10
2. Is clinical pharmacology recognized as a medical specialty by your
government?
Yes: 21
No: 6 (Belgium, Estonia, France, Greece, Lithuania, Turkey)
2
Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme
2a. If the specialty of Clinical Pharmacology is recognized by your
country as a separate medical specialty, how long ago was it
recognized?
≥ 40 years: Finland, Germany
≥ 30 years: Croatia, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden
> 20 years: Bosnia Herzegovina, Hungary, Norway, Spain, UK
> 15 years: Austria, Denmark
5-15 years: Bulgaria, Israel, Romania, Russia, Switzerland
3-5 years: Italy
3
Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme
2b. Requirements of training in terms of year after internship? Number of
years in clinical pharmacology? Number of years in other specialties?
Which one(s)?
Predominantly internal
medicine
Austria 6 vs 3 years; Hungary 4 vs 2 years;
Czech Republ. 5 vs 2 years; Israel 4 vs 2.5 years;
Estonia 3 vs 1 year; Slovakia 3 vs 2 years; France 3 vs
1 year; The Netherlands 4 vs 1.5 years
Predominantly clinical
pharmacology
Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Italy,
Norway, Romania, Spain, Sweden
Dual pharmacological
and clinical training
Finland, Russia, Serbia, Switzerland, UK
4
Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme
3. Is clinical pharmacology recognized as a separate medical
specialty by any other authority in your country?
Yes: 12
No: 8
4. Are other professional groups (such as pharmacists) recognized as clinical
pharmacologists?
Yes: 5 No: 16
6. What is the number of positions in clinical pharmacology in your country (only
MD:s should be counted)?
< 10
5
10-20
4
30-50
3
50-100
7
100-300
4
5
1000
1
Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme
7. What is the approximate number of clinical pharmacologists per
million inhabitants?
<1
Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania, Turkey
1-5
Austria, Bosnia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Italy,
Romania, UK
5-10 Croatia, Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Switzerland
> 10 Hungary, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden
6
Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme
Number of Clin
pharmacologists/
million habitants
Brown < 1
Yellow 1-5
Purple 5-10
Red
> 10
Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme
7
8. Describe the functions of MD clinical pharmacologists in health care –
drug related problems:
Drug problem oriented consultations
Clinical trials
TDM
DTC
Drug information services
ADR clinic
Pharmacogenetic consultations
Pharmacoepidemiology and drug utilization
Pharmacovigilance
Ethics committee
Pharmacoeconomy
Pharmacotherapy in pregnancy
Drug intoxications
8
21
19
19
14
13
11
9
7
8
5
4
3
4
Folke Sjöqvist and Michael Orme