The HIV
Situation in the
Philippines
9 August 2011
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus?
• It is a virus -- a microorganism, not a disease
• It only infects humans
• This virus causes the body’s immune system to
weaken or become deficient
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
What are the symptoms & treatment for HIV?
• Once infected with HIV, there are very mild
symptoms or none at all
• After 5-10 yrs, the body’s immune system becomes
to weak to fight off infections – this syndrome of
having many infections at the same time because
of a weakened immune system is called AIDS
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
• There is NO cure for HIV infection
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
How is HIV transmitted?
• HIV is transmitted from person to person
• Unlike influenza, HIV is not airborne. It is not
waterborne or foodborne either
• HIV is blood borne
• The most common ways blood can be transmitted
from one person to another are:
 Blood transfusion
 Sharing of needles stained with blood
 Pregnant mother to baby in her womb
 Sexual contact
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
So what’s causing the increase in HIV cases?
Risky
Behavior
Prevention
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
63 countries reported.
Philippines is one of only
7countries with
increasing HIV cases
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Source: UNAIDS Global Report 2010
Tracking HIV in the Philippines
1984 to 2011
• Philippine HIV & AIDS Registry
• Integrated HIV Behavioral & Serologic Surveillance
(IHBSS)
• HIV Program Reports (government & NGO)
• Researches:
Rapid assessments
Operations research
Special investigations
Evaluations, etc.
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Philippine HIV & AIDS Registry
• Official national registry of
HIV & AIDS cases in the Philippines
• Strictly confidential
• Passive reporting system
• Does not follow-up cases after being reported
• Gives data on trends
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
7,031 reported HIV cases
(January 1984 to June 2011)
AIDS
1600
Asymtomatic
Reported New Cases
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
Year
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
HIV/AIDS cases disaggregated by gender
(1984 to 2011)
2011
2006 to 2010
2001 to 2005
FEMALE
MALE
1996 to 2000
1991 to 1995
1984 to 1990
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
90%
100%
Distribution of Male and Female HIV Cases by
Age group (1984 to 2011)
50 & older
1984-2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
45-49yo
40-44yo
35-39yo
30-34yo
25-29yo
20-24yo
15-19yo
Number of Male Cases
Number of Female Cases
<15yo
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
Note: Scales are different for males and females
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Regions with the most number of
reported HIV cases
2007 to 2009
2010
rotc
reg11 6%
3%
rotc
13%
reg11
6%
reg7
4%
reg7
24%
reg3
7%
ncr
54%
ncr
56%
reg3
3%
reg4a
14%
70% NCR & Region 4A
reg4a
10%
64% NCR & Region 4A
24% Region 7
68% NCR & Region 4A
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
* 2011 data from Jan to Jun only
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Behaviors that makes us at RISK for infection
• Unprotected anal sex between males
• Unprotected sex with paid partners
• Unprotected sex with multiple sex partners
• Injecting with used needles
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Behaviors that put Filipinos at risk for HIV
•
•
•
•
•
•
Younger age of first sex
Younger Filipinos try injecting drugs
More males engage in anal sex
Unprotected sex with >1 sexual partner
Most injecting drug users share needles
Few voluntarily get tested for HIV and know
their HIV status – so many may be spreading
HIV and not know it
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Modes of HIV Transmission among Females in
the Philippines
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
HETEROSEX
PERINATAL
50%
IVDU
TRANSFUSION
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2009
2010
2011
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Modes of HIV Transmission among Males in the
Philippines
100%
90%
80%
70%
HOMOSEXUAL
BISEXUAL
60%
HETEROSEX
50%
PERINATAL
TRANSFUSION
40%
IVDU
30%
20%
10%
0%
2009
2010
2011
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Mode of HIV Transmission Among 15-24yo
Number of Cases
500
400
sharing infected
needles
300
male-male sex
200
100
male-female sex
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
Year
2010
2011
Source: Philippine HIV&AIDS Registry
N A National
T I O N A LEpidemiology
E P I D E M I O Center
L O G Y -CDOH
ENTER
Females in Prostitution
Mean age of first time she was paid for sex: 16 years
Correct knowledge of HIV & HIV Prevention: youth 18% , adult 31%
Regularly brings a condom when “working”: youth 10% , adult 21%
Number of male sex partners: 4 to 7 per month
Used a condom during last sex with a customer: 55%
Went to the Social Hygiene Clinic the past month: youth 27%, adult 58%
Feel they are at risk to get infected with HIV: 59%
Ever had an HIV test: youth 5%, adult 24%
Source: 2009 IHBSS
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
People who Inject Drugs
Mean age of first injected drugs: 16 years
Correct knowledge of HIV & HIV Prevention: youth 24%, adult 46%
Shared syringe/needles during last injection: 66%
Used a condom during last sex: 31%
Accepts payment for sex from customers: 52%
Feel they are at risk to get infected with HIV: 69%
Ever had an HIV test: none
Source: 2009 IHBSS
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Males who have sex with Males
Mean age of first sex with a man: 15 years
Correct knowledge of HIV & HIV Prevention: youth 24%, adult 36%
Had anal sex without a condom in the past 12 months: youth 58%, adult 53%
Number of male sex partners: 1 to 2 per month
Used a condom during last sex with a man: youth 20%, adult 33%
Feel they are at risk to get infected with HIV: 60%
Ever had an HIV test: 0.5%
Source: 2009 IHBSS
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Number of Years Between
First Crush to First Sex
First crush to first date: 2 yrs (Males); 4 yrs (Females)
First date to first sex: 1 year (Males & Females)
First crush to first sex: 4 yrs (Males); 5 yrs (Females)
Source:
Before First Sex: Gender Differences in Emotional Relationships and Physical Behaviors
Among Adolescents in the Philippines. International Family Planning Perspectives 32(2):110-119
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Conclusion of that Study
“The period between the first date and first sex
experienced by both males and females provides an
opportunity to ensure that adolescents have access
to the information and services that will allow them
to make informed choices about sexual behavior.”
-
Upadhyay, Hindin, Gultiano (2006)
Source:
Before First Sex: Gender Differences in Emotional Relationships and Physical Behaviors
Among Adolescents in the Philippines. International Family Planning Perspectives 32(2):110-119
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
HIV Prevalence among Sex Workers & MSM
Source: IHBSS 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 of 10 Sentinel Sites
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
HIV Prevalence among IDUs
Source: IHBSS 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 in Sentinel Sites
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Projected Number of People Living with HIV
in the Philippines
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
FACT: HIV is increasing in the Philippines
If we do nothing,
HIV is a problem that will NOT go away….
We HAVE to do something.
Everyone CAN do something.
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
Help us Improve the next generation’s…
Correct Knowledge on HIV
• what is HIV and what it is not, how to prevent it, what to
do if you or a loved one gets infected
Self-Worth
• why waiting is worth it, how to say “No”, having the
courage to get tested and know your HIV status
Responsibility
• protecting yourself and your loved ones, owning up to
your decisions
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
HIV steals, kills, and destroys.
Will you continue to allow it to?
National Epidemiology Center - DOH
THANK
YOU
National Epidemiology Center - DOH