PROJECT
H
ealthy
E
L
P
ating
ifestyles
hysical Activity
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Module 3
Chronic Disease Prevention
Cardiovascular Health
Diabetes
Hypertension
Obesity
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Target
Audience
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Purpose
To provide an intergenerational approach to Health and Wellness for the
African American community using the Project H.E.L.P principles:
H
ealthy
E
L
P
ating
ifestyles
hysical Activity
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Previous Solutions
=
PERSONAL Responsibility
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Project H.E.L.P Solution
Intergenerational Community Approach to
Health and Wellness
Personal Responsibility + Community
Responsibility = PROJECT H.E.L.P
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Project H. E.L.P’s
approach to health
and wellness includes
the entire family
6
Project H.E.L.P
Program Components
Chronic Disease
Prevention
Physical
Activity
Healthy
Eating
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Program Objectives
Increase participant knowledge of risk factors
that lead to cardiovascular disease (i.e.
hypertension, stroke, obesity, and diabetes);
Reduce health disparities in the African
American community;
Develop community health advocates to build
healthier environments for families .
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Cardiovascular Disease in
African Americans
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Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Cardiovascular disease generally refers to
conditions that involve narrowed or blocked
arteries and blood vessels that can lead to a
heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke.
Other heart conditions, such as infections and
conditions that affect your heart's muscle,
valves or beating rhythm, also are considered
forms of heart disease.
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Atherosclerosis or Hardening of the
Arteries
Adapted from the Center for Disease
Control 2010
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Leading Cause of Death
African Americans
Heart disease
Stroke
Other
Cancer
HIV/AIDS
Infant Mortality
Hypertension
Diabetes
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The Problem
Cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer of AfricanAmericans.
288,000 African American die each year, according to
the American Heart Association, from Cardiovascular
disease.
This includes diseases of the heart, stroke, high blood
pressure, congestive heart failure, congenital
cardiovascular defects, hardening of the arteries and
other diseases of the circulatory system.
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Risk Factors for
Cardiovascular Disease
Risk factors are traits, lifestyles and habits that
increase a person’s chances of having
cardiovascular disease.
Risk factors for CVD include smoking, high blood
pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity,
stress and lack of exercise.
Rates increase in African Americans for CVD from
when risk factors, such as high blood pressure,
tobacco use, and obesity are not controlled.
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Combat Cardiovascular Disease
Education: The best weapon to help combat CVD is education (
knowing the signs and symptoms). This knowledge will aid in
preventative care and rapid intervention.
Signs & Symptoms:
Chest pain or chest discomfort (angina)
Pain in one or both arms, the left shoulder, neck, jaw, or back
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Faster heartbeats
Nausea (feeling sick to your stomach)
Abnormal heartbeats
Feeling very tired.
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Diabetes in African Americans
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WHAT IS DIABETES?
Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) disease marked
by high levels of sugar in the blood.
Diabetes can lead to serious complications
and premature death, but people with
diabetes can take steps to control the disease
and lower the risk of complications.
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TYPE 1 DIABETES
Type 1 occurs when the pancreas does not produce
enough insulin to properly control blood sugar
levels;
Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the
bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The
body is unable to use this glucose for energy
despite high levels in the bloodstream. This leads
to increased hunger;
The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and
autoimmune problems may play a role.
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TYPE 2 DIABETES
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease marked by
high levels of sugar in the blood. Type 2
diabetes is the most common form of
diabetes.
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death
and disability in the United States. Total health
care and related costs for the treatment of
diabetes run about $174 billion annually.
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The Problem
Nearly three million African Americans have
been diagnosed with diabetes and millions
more are likely to develop the disease in the
coming years.
4.9 million; 18.7 percent of all African
American ages 20 and older have been
diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.
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The Problem
1 in 4 African-American women ages 55 and
older has diabetes.
African-Americans have high rates of at least two
of diabetes’ most serious complications:
amputation (such as having a toe or foot
removed) and kidney failure.
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Risk Factors you can not control
(Type 2 Diabetes)
Age
Race
Family history
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Risk Factors You Can Control
Blood Pressure: High Blood pressure increases
the work of the heart;
Tobacco use: Nicotine narrows blood vessels,
which can lead to high blood pressure;
Cholesterol Level: High cholesterol increases the
amount of fatty build up in your arteries that
causes atherosclerosis or hardening of the
arteries;
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Risk Factors You Can Change
Obesity: Being over weight increases you risk
for heart disease;
Physical Activity: Being inactive increases your
chances of being overweight which can lead to
cardiovascular issues;
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Change Your Risk Factors!!!
Have your cholesterol tested once a year.
Reduce the amount of fats and cholesterol in
your diet by eating fewer fried and fatty foods;
Stop smoking;
If you have diabetes, check your blood sugar
levels at home and try to keep them as close to
normal as possible.
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PREVENTION
Keeping a healthy body weight and an active
lifestyle.
Stay up-to-date with all your vaccinations and get
a flu shot every year.
Improve control of your blood sugar
Get a foot exam by your health care provider at
least twice a year and learn whether you have
nerve damage.
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Hypertension in
African Americans
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What is Hypertension?
Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure
in the arteries is chronically elevated. With every heart
beat, the heart pumps blood through the arteries to the
rest of the body.
Blood pressure is the force of blood that is pushing up
against the walls of the blood vessels. If the pressure is
too high, the heart has to work harder to pump, and this
could lead to organ damage and several illnesses such as
heart attack, stroke, heart failure, aneurysm, or renal
failure.
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Pre-Hypertension & Hypertension
The normal level for blood pressure is:
below 120/80, where 120 represents the systolic
measurement and 80 represents the diastolic
measurement.
Blood pressure between 120/80 and 139/89 is
called pre-hypertension .
Blood pressure of 140/90 or above is
hypertension.
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The Problem
African Americans develop hypertension at an
earlier age and are more prone to have
substantially elevated pressures than other
groups in the U.S.
African-Americans are more likely to develop
complications associated with high blood
pressure. These problems include stroke, kidney
disease, blindness, dementia, and heart
disease.
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The Problem
African American have:
A 80% higher death rate associated with
strokes due to hypertension;
A 50% higher death rate associated with heart
disease due to hypertension;
A 320% higher death rate associated with endstage kidney disease;
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Change Your Risk Factors!
Have your blood pressure checked at least
once a year, and more often if you know you
are at risk.
If you have high blood pressure, follow your
treatment plan. Your health provider may
suggest changes in your diet, order medicine,
and give you a plan for exercise.
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Risk Factors You Cannot Change
Heredity, especially if someone in your family
has had a heart attack before the age of 50;
Age and Gender, males develop heart and
vascular diseases at an earlier age than
females. For both men and women, the risk of
developing cardiovascular disease increases as
they get older.
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Change Your Risk Factors!
Take all medicines as ordered by your doctor;
Exercise at least 3 times a week for 20
minutes. Check with your health care team
before starting an exercise program;
Learn how to relax and manage stress.
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Obesity in African Americans
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Obesity by Race/Ethnicity 2006-2008
Blacks had 51 percent higher prevalence of
obesity, and Hispanics had 21 percent higher
obesity prevalence compared with whites.
Greater prevalence of obesity for blacks and
whites were found in the South and Midwest
than in the West and Northeast. Hispanics in
the Northeast had lower obesity prevalence
than Hispanics in the Midwest, South or West.
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Adult BMI (Body Mass Index)
Calculator
• http://www.cdc.gov/widgets/#adultBMI
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OBESITY RATES
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2010 State Obesity Rates
State
%
State
%
State
%
State
%
Alabama
31.0
Illinois
26.5
Montana
23.2
Rhode Island
24.6
Alaska
24.8
Indiana
29.5
Nebraska
27.2
South Carolina 29.4
Arizona
25.5
Iowa
27.9
Nevada
25.8
South Dakota
29.6
Arkansas
30.5
Kansas
28.1
New Hampshire 25.7
Tennessee
32.3
California
24.8
Kentucky
31.5
New Jersey
23.3
Texas
28.7
Colorado
18.6
Louisiana
33.0
New Mexico
25.1
Utah
23.5
Connecticut
20.6
Maine
25.8
New York
24.2
Vermont
22.8
Delaware
27.0
Maryland
26.2
North Carolina 29.3
Virginia
25.0
Washington DC 19.7
Massachusetts 21.4
North Dakota
27.9
Washington
26.4
Florida
25.2
Michigan
29.6
Ohio
28.8
West Virginia
31.1
Georgia
27.2
Minnesota
24.6
Oklahoma
31.4
Wisconsin
28.7
Hawaii
22.3
Mississippi
34.4
Oregon
23.0
Wyoming
24.6
Idaho
24.5
Missouri
30.0
Pennsylvania
27.4
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Obesity by Race/Ethnicity 2006-2008
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Obesity Among Women
African American women have the highest
rates of being overweight or obese compared
to other groups in the U.S. About four out of
five African American women are overweight
or obese.
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Obesity Among Youth
The prevalence of obesity among children aged
6–11 more than doubled in the past 20 years,
going from 6.5% in 1980 to 17.0% in 2006. The
rate among adolescents aged 12–19 more than
tripled, increasing from 5.0% to 17.6%.
Children and adolescents who are overweight are
more likely to be overweight or obese as adults;
one study showed that children who became
obese by age 8 were more severely obese as
adults.
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• In keeping with her current crusade against childhood
obesity, Mrs. Obama addressed the NAACP national
convention discussing parental responsibility for the
health of their children. Obesity affects African
American children more than any other demographic
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