Medical Terminology for Health Professions
Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder
7th Edition
The Endocrine System
Chapter 13
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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,
and Functions of the Endocrine System
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Structures of the Endocrine System
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Endocrine System
Click Here to play Endocrine
System animation
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Adrenal Glands
• Primary Function
– Regulate electrolyte levels
– Influence metabolism
– Respond to stress
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– adren/o
(continues)
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Adrenal Glands
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Gonads*
• Primary Function
– regulate development and maintenance of
secondary sex characteristics
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– gonad/o
*Males: testicles (2)
*Females: ovaries (2)
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Secondary Sex Characteristics
Click Here to play Secondary Sex
Characteristics animation
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Male Testicles (Testes)
• Primary Function
– Sperm-producing gland
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– testic/o
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Female Ovaries
• Primary Function
– Ova (egg) producing gland
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– ovari/o
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Pancreatic Islets
• Primary Function
– Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– pancreat/o
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The Pancreas
Click Here to play
Pancreas animation
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Parathyroid Glands
• Primary Function
– Regulate calcium levels throughout the body
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– parathyroid/o
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Parathyroid Glands
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Pineal Gland
• Primary Function
– Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– pineal/o
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Pineal Gland
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Pituitary Gland
• Primary Function
– Secretes hormones that control the activity of the
other endocrine glands
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– pituit/o, pituitar/o
(continues)
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Pituitary Gland
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Thymus
• Primary Function
– Plays a major role in the immune reaction
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– thym/o
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Thyroid Gland
• Primary Function
– Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity
of the nervous system
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– thyr/o, thyroid/o
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Diabetic Retinopathy
Click Here to play Diabetic
Retinopathy animation
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• acr/o
– extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point
• adren/o
– adrenal glands
• crin/o
– secrete
• -dipsia
– thirst
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• glyc/o
– glucose, sugar
• gonad/o
– gonad, sex glands
• -ism
– condition, state of
• pancreat/o
– pancreas
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• parathyroid/o
– parathyroid glands
• pineal/o
– pineal gland
• pituitar/o
– pituitary gland
• poly– many
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• somat/o
– body
• thym/o
– thymus gland
• thyr/o, thyroid/o
– thyroid gland
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Questions
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Question
In which organ is insulin produced?
a. the pancreas
b. the kidney
c. the liver
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Answer
a. the pancreas
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Question
The thyroid cartilage when enlarged is commonly
known as an “Adam’s Apple.”
True or False?
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Answer
True. The thyroid gland is located just below the
thyroid cartilage.
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Question
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally low
concentration of glucose in the blood.
True or False?
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Answer
False. Hypoglycemia is an abnormally low
concentration of glucose in the blood.
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Question
Which of these is the form in which the liver
stores excess blood sugar?
a. glucose
b. glycogen
c. glucagon
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Answer
b. glycogen
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Answers to Learning Exercises
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Chapter 13 Answers
Matching Word Parts 1
13.1. adren/o
13.2. acr/o
13.3. gonad/o
13.4. -dipsia
13.5. crin/o
Matching Word Parts 2
13.6. -ism
13.7. pancreat/o
13.8. parathyroid/o
13.9. pineal/o
13.10. pituitar/o
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Chapter 13 Answers
Matching Word Parts 3
13.11. somat/o
13.12. poly13.13. glyc/o
13.14. thyroid/o
13.15. thym/o
Definitions
13.16. luteinizing
13.17. pituitary
13.18. adrenocorticotropic
13.19. thymus
13.20. calcitonin
13.21. adrenal cortex
13.22. glucagon
13.23. adrenal medulla
13.24. oxytocin
13.25. testosterone
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Chapter 13 Answers
Matching Structures
13.26. pancreatic islets
13.27. pituitary gland
13.28. pineal gland
13.29. adrenal glands
13.30. thyroid gland
Which Word?
13.31. acromegaly
13.32. anterior
13.33. insulin resistance
13.34. diabetes insipidus
13.35. Cushing’s syndrome
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Chapter 13 Answers
Spelling Counts
13.36. luteinizing
13.37. mellitus
13.38. myxedema
13.39. progesterone
13.40. thymosin
Abbreviation Identification
13.41. adrenocorticotropic
hormone
13.42. antidiuretic hormone
13.43. diabetes mellitus
13.44. fasting blood sugar
13.45. follicle-stimulating
hormone
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Chapter 13 Answers
Term Selection
13.46. thyroid storm
13.47. hypercalcemia
13.48. parathyroid
13.49. prolactinoma
13.50. fructosamine
Sentence Completion
13.51. electrolytes
13.52. thyroxine
13.53. retinopathy
13.54. polyphagia
13.55. exophthalmos
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Chapter 13 Answers
Word Surgery
13.56. hyper-, pituitar, -ism
13.57. hypo-, glyc, -emia
13.58. hyper-, insulin, -ism
13.59. gynec/o, mast, -ia
13.60. hypo-, calc, -emia
True/False
13.61. False
13.62. True
13.63. False
13.64. False
13.65. True
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Chapter 13 Answers
Clinical Conditions
13.66. antidiuretic
13.67. polydipsia
13.68. Addison’s disease
13.69. insulinoma
13.70. Hashimoto’s disease
13.71. anabolic
13.72. leptin
13.73. cretinism
13.74. gigantism
13.75. pancreatectomy
Which Is the Correct
Medical Term?
13.76. neurohormones
13.77. pituitary adenoma
13.78. Graves’
13.79. diabetic coma
13.80. melatonin
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Chapter 13 Answers
Challenge Word Building
13.81. adrenopathy
13.82. endocrinology
13.83. adrenomegaly
13.84. thymopathy
13.85. thyroiditis
13.86. pancreatotomy
13.87. thyroidotomy
13.88. pinealopathy
13.89. insulinemia
13.90. adrenitis
Labeling Exercises
13.91. pineal
13.92. parathyroid
13.93. thymus
13.94. ovaries
13.95. hypothalamus
13.96. pituitary
13.97. thyroid
13.98. adrenal
13.99. pancreatic
13.100. testicles
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