FABRIC
CONSTRUCTION
Weaving
Knitting
Nonwoven/Felting
FABRIC TERMS
Lengthwise grain…strongest
grain, also called the warp yarns,
runs parallel to the selvage
Bias…a diagonal
line of direction
running between the
lengthwise and
crosswise grains of
fabric
Selvages…woven edges
of fabric, runs parallel to
lengthwise grain
Crosswise grain…
weaker grain, runs
parallel to cut or torn
edge and
perpendicular to the
lengthwise grain; also
called the weft yarns
Cut or Torn edge…
runs parallel to the
crosswise grain
Fabric fold…created when
selvages or cut edges are
brought together.
PLAIN WEAVE
Over one, under one
PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONS
BASKET
Two over, two under
PLAIN WEAVE VARIATION
PILE WEAVE
UNCUT PILE
Terry Cloth
CUT PILE
Corduroy
TWILL FABRIC WEAVE
Over two, under two
but staggering
beginning threads to
form a diagonal line.
Denim
SATIN WEAVE
Under one, over four or more
creating “floats” with weft yarns
SATIN WEAVE VARIATION
Sateen Weave
Floats on warp yarns
SATIN WEAVE VARIATION
JACQUARD WEAVE
Computer weaving that creates
multiple patterns in a fabric. Floats
can be seen on wrong side of fabric.
KNITTING
Constructing fabric with one
yarn and one set (2) of
needles; right side is flat (knit),
wrong side is bumpy (pearl).
FELTING
Nonwoven fabric
made by pressing
fibers together with
moisture, heat, and
pressure. Nonwoven
fabrics have no
grainlines. Earliest
type of fabric made.
Coloring Fabric
Before Construction:
Yarn Dying
After Construction:
Printing:
After Construction:
Piece Dying
Color the
same on
front and
back
Color different on
front and back
FABRIC WEAVE ID ASSIGNMENT
1. Pick up one of each of the fabric samples
on the cutting table and a magnifying glass.
2. Use the magnifying glass to identify the
weave or construction method of each
fabric sample.
3. Cut samples to fit dotted lines on sample
card. (2” x 2”)
4. Glue into place.
5. Place completed card in wire basket.
6. Return magnifying glass to tote tray.
Label the parts of fabric the arrows are pointing to.
Period______ Score________
9. Name 2 ways color is added to fabric.
8. Identify each of the three basic fabric weaves pictured.
7. What are 3 methods for constructing fabric?
6. The woven edge of the fabric is the _____________________.
5. The crosswise grain is perpendicular to what grain?
4. On what part of the fabric would you place a pattern piece so you don’t have a seam?
3. Which part of fabric has the most stretch?
2. Which grain is the strongest grain and should run vertical on the body?
1.
FABRIC QUIZ
Name___________________________________