The impact of latent confounders in directed network
analysis in neuroscience
by Rebecca Ramb, Michael Eichler, Alex Ing, Marco Thiel, Cornelius Weiller, Celso
Grebogi, Christian Schwarzbauer, Jens Timmer, and Björn Schelter
Philosophical Transactions A
Volume 371(1997):20110612
August 28, 2013
©2013 by The Royal Society
(a) The results of the rPDC estimation based on simulated data of the four-dimensional VAR
process of order 2 given by equation (3.1).
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The associated Granger causality graph of the four-dimensional VAR is depicted in (a), and the
associated graph when the fourth component is disregarded is shown in (b).
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
(a) The results of the rPDC analysis of the nonlinear system consisting of four coupled Roessler
systems.
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The multivariate rPDC analysis of the data generated by the autoregressive process for the
directed path of type 1.
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The multivariate rPDC analysis of the data generated by the coupled Roessler system for the
directed path of type 1.
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The graph associated with the multivariate analysis of influence type 1 is shown in (a).
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The multivariate rPDC analysis of the nonlinear time-series data for the directed path of type 2 in
(a), and the bivariate analysis of components one and three in (b).
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The graph of the multivariate analysis is displayed in (a).
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The graph of the multivariate analysis in (a) versus the bivariate graph in (b), in the case of
type 3.
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The rPDC analysis of the nonlinear system containing an additional reciprocal connection for all
components (a) and components one and three (b).
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society
The associated graph of the initial four-dimensional VAR in (a), together with its corresponding
bivariate graph in (b).
Rebecca Ramb et al. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A
2013;371:20110612
©2013 by The Royal Society