Human Biology
Sylvia S. Mader
Michael Windelspecht
Chapter 11
Skeletal System
Lecture Outline
Part 1
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Skeletal System
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Points to ponder
•
•
•
•
•
•
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
What are the parts of a long bone?
How do bones grow, remodel, and repair?
How are hormones involved in bone growth?
What is osteoporosis?
How are age, gender, and ethnicity determined
through skeletal remains?
• What are the components of the axial and
appendicular skeletons?
• What are synovial joints and what kind of
angular movements do they allow?
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11.1 Overview of the Skeletal System
What are the functions of the
skeletal system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
_______ the body
_______ the soft body parts
Produces ______ cells
_________ minerals (calcium and
phosphate) and fat
5. Allows for _________ by attaching muscles
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11.1 Overview of the Skeletal System
What is the anatomy of a long bone?
• __________ – shaft of the bone made of
compact bone and filled with yellow marrow
• __________ – ends of the bone made
mostly of spongy bone
• Articular cartilage – hyaline cartilage found
on the ends of long bones
• Yellow bone marrow – stores ____
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11.1 Overview of the Skeletal System
What is the anatomy of a long bone?
• ________________ – makes blood cells;
found in spongy bone and flat bones
• Periosteum – living, outer covering of fibrous
connective tissue
• ____________ – fibrous connective tissue
that connects bones
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11.1 Overview of the Skeletal System
What is the anatomy of a long bone?
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
hyaline cartilage
(articular cartilage)
epiphyseal
(growth) plate
spongy bone
(contains red
bone marrow)
epiphysis
compact bone
medullary
cavity
(contains
yellow bone
marrow)
diaphysis
periosteum
blood vessel
Figure 11.1 The anatomy of a long bone.
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11.1 Overview of the Skeletal System
More detail on bone…
• Compact bone
– is composed of ________ with a central
canal containing blood vessels.
– contains living bone cells called
osteocytes in chambers called _______.
• Spongy bone
– is made of plates with spaces filled with
red bone marrow.
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11.1 Overview of the Skeletal System
More detail on bone…
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Hyaline cartilage
matrix
chondrocytes
in lacunae
50 μm
Osteocyte
Compact bone
canaliculus
100 μm
osteocyte
in lacuna
concentric
lamellae
central canal
lacuna
osteocyte nucleus
osteon
osteocytes in lacunae
spongy bone
Figure 11.1 The anatomy of
a long bone.
blood vessels
(hyaline, compact bone): © Ed Reschke; (osteocyte): © Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers
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11.1 Overview of the Skeletal System
Where are the 3 types of cartilage found?
• _____________ is flexible connective tissue
categorized based on the type and arrangement
of matrix fibers.
• Types
– __________ cartilage: ends of long bones, nose,
ends of ribs, larynx and trachea
– ____________: disks between vertebrae and in
the knee; stronger than hyaline cartilage
– _________ cartilage: ear flaps and epiglottis;
more flexible than hyaline cartilage
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11.2 Bones of the Axial Skeleton
The 206 bones of the skeleton
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Skull:
frontal bone
Skull:
parietal bone
zygomatic bone
temporal bone
maxilla
occipital bone
mandible
clavicle
scapula
Pectoral girdle:
clavicle
scapula
humerus
Rib cage:
sternum
ribs
costal cartilages
vertebral column
ulna
Pelvic girdle:
coxal bones
radius
carpals
sacrum
coccyx
metacarpals
phalanges
femur
patella
fibula
tibia
metatarsals
phalanges
tarsals
a.
Figure 11.2 The axial and appendicular skeletons.
b.
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