Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims
Approved by: Gawain Hammond & Maureen Bain
Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

Developed by: Sorcha McCaughley & Mark Brims
Supported by: The Chancellor’s Fund

I want to view the:
Kidneys
Bladder & Urethra

• The radiographs on the right show canine kidneys injected with contrast.
B
• What is A ?
Calyx
Renal Pelvis
A
• What is B ?
Renal Crest
Renal Lobe
C
• What are C ?
Collecting ducts
Renal Arteries
C

 Incorrect 
No, this is not a Calyx! The dog has a uni-lobar kidney, it does not have distinct calyces.
Calyces are most easily seen in Bovine kidneys:
Try Again!

 Incorrect 
No, this is not a Renal Lobe! The dog has a uni-lobar kidney, it does not have distinct Lobes.
Try Again!

 Incorrect 
No, these are not the Collecting Ducts! The collecting ducts are soft tissue structures and are too small to be seen on radiographs.
Try Again!

 Correct!

Well done! This is the Renal Pelvis .
It is where the collecting ducts gather to form the ureter.
Here is another example:
Now try part B

 Correct!

Well done! This is the Renal Crest .
It is the Medulla at the point where it joins the renal pelvis.
Here is another example:
Now try part C

 Correct!

Well done! These are the Renal
Arteries . They supply the kidney with blood to be filtered.
Here are some other examples:
Now try Bladder & Urethra
radiographs

• The radiographs on the right show canine bladders injected with contrast.
a) What is the correct order?
A , B , C =
Body, Neck, Apex
Neck, Body, Apex
Apex, Body, Neck
A
B
C

 Incorrect 
Sorry, this is not the correct order!
Try Again!

 Correct!

• Yes! This is the correct order. Here is another example of the bladder:
Neck
Body
Apex
• Now try Urethra radiographs

The radiographs on the right show the canine urinary system injected with contrast.
a) What sex is the top radiograph? Why?
Male
Female
b) With regard to parts of the Urethra, which is the correct order: A, B, C, D =
Penile, Perineal, Pelvic
Pelvic, Perineal, Penile
Pelvic, Penile, Perineal
c) On the numbered radiograph, which is the urethra?
2
6
7
d) What is 4?
Uterine horn
Internal Iliac artery
Small Intestine
A
C
B

 Incorrect 
No, this dog is not female. The bottom radiograph shows the urinary system of a bitch.
The contrast has entered the reproductive tract :
Try Again!

 Correct!

• Yes! This is a male dog.
In the bitch the urethra enters the vestibule of the reproductive tract in the pelvis.
• The urethra continues beyond the pelvis in this radiograph.
• Now try part b)

 Correct!

• Yes! This is the correct order. Here is the radiograph with labels:
Pelvic
Penile
Perineal
• Now try part c)

 Incorrect 
Sorry, this is not the correct order!
Try Again!

 Incorrect 
No! This is not the Urethra. Number 2 is the
Ureters. They can be seen leaving the kidneys :
Try Again!

 Incorrect 
No! This is not the Urethra. Number 7 is the
Vestibule of the Vulva.
Try Again!

 Correct!

Yes! 6 is the Urethra. It can be seen passing between the (empty) bladder and the vestibule :
Try part d)

 Incorrect 
No! This is not the Internal Iliac artery. The cardiovascular system has not had any contrast injected in this radiograph – blood vessels cannot be seen.
Try Again!

 Incorrect 
No! This is not the Small Intestine. There is no contrast in the digestive tract, and the small intestines are located more ventrally :
Try Again!

 Correct!

Yes! This is a Uterine horn . Although they look close to the ureters on lateral x-rays, dorso-ventral views show that they lie more laterally:
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End Quiz