Civil Engineering Drawing / Auto Cad
CE-01
Ammara Mubeen
SL
Topics
1. Introduction
2. Lettering, Numbering and Dimensioning
3. Conic Section
4. Orthographic Projection
5. Section Views and Auxiliary Views
6. Isometric, Pictorial and Oblique Drawing
7. Development of Surfaces
8.
Auto Cad Application
INTRODUCTION
Importance of Engineering Drawing as graphic communication. Link between
engineering drawing and other subjects of study.
I. S.O (International standards organization) specification for preparation of drawings.
Use of drawing instruments and materials. Basic Tools- classification and brief
description.
Special Tools: Mini-drafter. Drafting Machine.
Scales, Recommended, reduced and enlarged scale.
Lines, Types of lines, Selection of line thickness.
Selection of Pencils.
Drawing sheets, different sheet sizes and standard layouts.
Care and maintenance of drawing material.
INTRODUCTION
What is Engineering Drawing
A fully developed language in its own right: A graphical language that
Engineers understand all over the world irrespective native tongue.
Communication between “DESIGNER and MANUFRACTURER”. BSI,
ISO, BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) set rules are followed.
Engineering Drawing Requirements





Unambiguous and Clear
Complete
Suitable for duplication
Language Independent
Conforms to standards
INTRODUCTION
BASIC LIST OF EQUIPMENT
The following list contains the selection of equipment necessary for
making instrument drawings.
1. Case of drawing instruments
2. Drawing surface (board or table)
3. Drafting edge (T-square, parallel edge, drafting machine)
4. Triangles (30o, 45o or adjustable)
5. Scales
6. Drawing Pencils
7. Drafting Tape
8. Eraser
9. Dry cleaning pad
10.Erasing Shield
11. Drawing Paper
12. Tracing Paper or drafting film
Instruments
Instruments
Instruments
LINE TYPES
Types of Lines
Types of Lines
Types of Lines
Line Conventions
 Visible Lines – solid thick lines that represent visible edges or contours
 Hidden Lines – short evenly spaced dashes that depict hidden features
 Section Lines – solid thin lines that indicate cut surfaces
 Center Lines – alternating long and short dashes
 Dimensioning
 Dimension Lines - solid thin lines showing dimension extent/direction
 Extension Lines - solid thin lines showing point or line to which dimension applies
 Leaders – direct notes, dimensions, symbols, part numbers, etc. to features on drawing
 Cutting-Plane and Viewing-Plane Lines – indicate location of cutting planes for
sectional views and the viewing position for removed partial views
 Break Lines – indicate only portion of object is drawn. May be random “squiggled”
line or thin dashes joined by zigzags.
 Phantom Lines – long thin dashes separated by pairs of short dashes indicate
alternate positions of moving parts, adjacent position of related parts and repeated
detail
 Chain Line – Lines or surfaces with special requirements
Viewing-plane
line
1
2Extension line
3Dimension Line
4
Center
Line
5Hidden Line
6Break Line
7Cutting-plane Line
8Visible Line
9Center Line (of motion)
10
Leader
Phantom Line
14
13
Section Line
12
SECTION
A-A
11
VIEW B-B
Source: http://www.genium.com/pdf/dmpc.pdf
Lettering
 Plain Gothic
 Italics are OK
 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Sketching
 Drawings made without mechanical drawing tools
 Free-Hand
 Ruler
 Simple drawing
program
 Should follow standards and conventions
From Course Text
Pictorial
 3-dimensional representations
 One-point
 one vanishing point
 lines that are not vertical
or horizontal converge to
single point in distance
 Two-point or Three-point
 two or three vanishing points


With two points, vertical or
horizontal lines parallel, but not both
With three-point, no lines are parallel
 Isometric
 Drawing shows corner of object,
but parallel lines on object are
parallel in drawing
 Shows three dimensions, but no
vanishing point(s)
Source: “Introduction to Engineering”, by Paul Wright
One-point
Two-Point
Isometric
Orthographic / Multiview
 Draw object from two / three perpendicular views
What it looks
like pictorially
/ Orthographic
Section Views
 If three views are
not enough, draw
sections needed to
completely
describe the
object.
Section A-A
View B-B
ISO Drawing Sheets Sizes
ISO
USA Sizes
Width
Length
Letter
mm
inches
mm
Letter
inches
F
28.0 x 40.0
inches
A0
841
33.11
1189
46.81
E
34.0 x 44.0
A1
594
23.39
841
33.11
D
22.0 x 34.0
A2
420
16.54
594
23.39
C
17.0 x 22.0
A3
297
11.69
420
16.54
B
11.0 x 17.0
A4
210
8.27
297
11.69
A
8.5 x 11.0
Recommended Books
1.
Descriptive Geometry
Abbot
2. Elementary Engineering Drawing
N. D. Bhatt
5. I.S.I. Specification on drawing
- S. C. Sharma
6. Engineering Drawing
R. K. Dhawan
7. Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing
Warren J. Luzadder
8. Engineering Drawing
Basant Agrawal
9. I.S.M. & S.S.M. on Technical Drawing
T.T.T.I., Madras
Title Block
 It should contain the following information
 The title of drawing
 The drawing and sheet number
 The Scale
 The angle of projection used
 Other information if required
“The scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of an object as represented in
the original drawing to the real linear dimension of the same element of the object
itself”
 All drawings should be drawn to the scale for which the selected scale should be
large enough to permit easy and clear interpretation.
Title Block
Title Block