Scientific Investigation
According to the graph, which air pollutant
decreased the most from 1970 to 1991?
25% 25% 25% 25%
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
ula
ad
rt i
c
Le
s
17
Pa
Su
lf u
r
ox
ide
ox
ide
nm
on
3
rb
o
2
Ca
1
tes
A. Carbon
monoxide
B. Sulfur oxides
C. Particulates
D. Lead
18
19
20
Hypothesis: The addition of a fertilizer to
soil will increase plant growth.
Which of these experimental designs would best
test this hypothesis?
25% 25% 25% 25%
A.
B.
D.
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
D
3
C
2
A
1
B
C.
Which animal has a life span closest to
that of sheep?
25% 25% 25% 25%
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
w
19
Co
5
rse
4
Ho
3
Ca
2
Do
1
t
Dog
Cat
Horse
Cow
g
A.
B.
C.
D.
20
Which of these would be the best way to prove
that a pine stick is more flexible than an oak
25% 25% 25% 25%
stick?
A.
B.
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
D
3
B
2
A
1
C
D.
C.
Each student in a science class of 25 conducts the same
experiment. One student gathers all the data from her
classmates and summarizes the results of the
experiment for the class. She compares the data she
personally recorded with the class data. Which of these
might indicate to her that her results are valid?
Three other classes performed the same
experiment.
The same experiment was repeated two years in a
row.
Many other students recorded data similar to hers.
Another student in her class reached a different
conclusion.
B.
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Th
18
es
3
Th
2
re
e
1
ot
he
rc
C.
D.
25% 25% 25% 25%
las
se
s.
am
..
ee
x
pe
Ma
rim
ny
en
ot
...
he
rs
tu
An
de
ot
nt
he
s.
rs
..
tu
de
nt
in
he
...
A.
19
20
Thrips are tiny insects that can easily be seen on
roses. The thrip population changes shown in the
graph below are probably caused by —
2
3
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
um
an .
..
lim
atic
cha
sea
ng
so n
e
al c
i nc
h an
rea
g es
sed
u se
of
ins
e...
1
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
rc
D.
am
ajo
C.
rea
ses
B.
in h
increases in
human
population
a major
climatic
change
seasonal
changes
increased
use of
insecticides
i nc
A.
25% 25% 25% 25%
18
19
20
A student designs and builds a 1:1000 scale
model of the Mt. Fuji volcano in Japan. Since
Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 m high, what is the height
of his scale model?
25% 25% 25% 25%
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
m
m
17
20
00
5
3, 8
4
0m
3
38
2
3. 8
1
8m
0.38 m
3.8 m
380 m
3,800 m
0. 3
A.
B.
C.
D.
How far offshore is the deepest point of
the ocean on this graph?
25% 25% 25% 25%
22
23
24
25
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
0k
m
21
6
24
5
0k
m
4
16
3
00
2
50
1
m
0m
5000 m
160 km
240 km
0m
A.
B.
C.
D.
20
The diagram shows a graduated cylinder
containing water. From which position will the
most accurate measure of the volume of the
water be made?
25% 25% 25% 25%
15
16
17
18
19
4
14
20
n
13
si
tio
12
Po
11
3
25
10
n
24
9
si
tio
23
8
Po
22
7
2
21
6
n
5
si
tio
4
Po
3
n
2
si
tio
1
1
Position 1
Position 2
Position 3
Position 4
Po
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following is used to
measure the mass of an object?
25% 25% 25% 25%
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
ra
d
3
16
G
2
ar
om
et
er
lin
d
B
ua
te
M
d
cy
et
ric
al
an
B
1
er
ru
le
r
Balance
Metric ruler
Graduated cylinder
Barometer
ce
A.
B.
C.
D.
17
18
19
20
This chart represents the type and number of items
collected in a beach cleanup. Based on the chart
below, what percentage of the total items collected
from the beaches was plastic?
25% 25% 25% 25%
46%
49%
56%
70%
22
23
24
25
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
46
17
18
19
20
%
21
6
70
5
%
4
56
3
%
2
%
1
49
A.
B.
C.
D.
Some snapdragon seeds were studied in the
experiment below. The seeds were placed in a
dish lined with a moist paper towel. Which of
these is the independent (manipulated) variable
in this experiment?
11
13
14
15
16
m
be
18
e.
..
of
at
u
ro
re
fs
wa
t
of
nt
17
Th
pr
ou
t
er
..
ee
of
s
ty
pe
12
pe
r
25
10
19
te
m
24
9
e
23
8
Th
22
7
nu
21
6
e
5
Th
4
am
ou
3
e
2
Th
1
.
d
The type of seed
The amount of water used
The number of sprouts
The temperature of each dish
e
A.
B.
C.
D.
s
25% 25% 25% 25%
20
According to this graph, which of these is most
important in developing the biomass of these plants?
25% 25% 25% 25%
3
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
n
I ro
ium
gne
s
Ma
2
Su
rat
e
Nit
1
lf at
es
Nitrates
Sulfates
Magnesium
Iron
s
A.
B.
C.
D.
20
John and Emily were experimenting with the
effects of road salt on plant growth. To do this,
they watered plants daily with the same amount
of salt water. They could best improve their
experiment by —
24
25
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
pl
an
to
ha
l
ft
he
lo
r
fo
od
co
lt
wa
t
er
..
...
.
n.
..
14
at
er
in
g
23
8
18
w
22
7
di
ng
21
6
ad
5
ol
in
g
4
co
3
cr
ea
2
in
1
si
n
g
th
e
D.
sa
C.
th
e
B.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
increasing the amount of salt added
to the water each day
cooling the salt water before
watering the plants
adding food color to see how far
the salt penetrates the plants
watering half the plants with pure
water and half with salt water
am
ou
A.
19
20
The picture shows dinosaur tracks found
in rocks. How many dinosaurs left their
tracks here?
25%
25%
25%
2
4
14
24
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
24
3
14
2
4
1
2
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
What is the mass of the rock?
25% 25% 25% 25%
24
25
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
g
g
18
6. 0
23
8
20
35
22
7
4. 6
21
6
35
5
0. 6
4
35
3
5. 6
2
33
1
g
335.6 g
350.6 g
354.6 g
356.0 g
g
A.
B.
C.
D.
The picture shows the results of putting a drop of orange
ink from a marking pen on a piece of filter paper and
allowing the colors in the ink to separate. About how
much farther on the filter paper has the yellow pigment
moved than the red pigment? 25% 25% 25% 25%
22
23
24
25
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
cm
21
6
20
3. 5
5
cm
4
2. 7
3
cm
2
1. 6
1
cm
0.5 cm
1.6 cm
2.7 cm
3.5 cm
0. 5
A.
B.
C.
D.
The chart shows the results of an experiment to test the
effects of different plant lights on plant seedling growth.
Which group of plants showed the greatest gain in
height?
25% 25% 25% 25%
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
p4
p3
19
Gr
ou
4
Gr
ou
3
Gr
ou
2
Gr
ou
1
p2
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
p1
A.
B.
C.
D.
20
The picture represents five red blood cells seen through
a microscope. The lines represent a scale also visible
through the microscope. Each division on the scale
represents one micrometer. Use the scale to estimate
the diameter of the average red blood cell.
25
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
rs
me
te
icr
o
me
te
rs
icr
o
me
te
me
te
10
3m
24
9
—1
23
8
12
22
7
1m
21
6
—1
5
10
4
8m
icr
o
3
7—
2
5m
icr
o
1
rs
4—5 micrometers
7—8 micrometers
10—11 micrometers
12—13 micrometers
4—
A.
B.
C.
D.
rs
25% 25% 25% 25%
20
Ellen noticed that she often sneezes when she visits
her friend Robert, who has a cat and a parrot. Ellen
wonders if she may have allergies to Robert’s pets and
decides to conduct a scientific investigation. What
should Ellen do next?
1
2
3
4
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
..
le .
n
El ...
le
n
...
16
17
El
le
n
D.
...
C.
El
B.
25% 25% 25% 25%
le
n
Ellen should tell Robert that she cannot
visit him until he gives away his pets.
Ellen should visit Sue who has a horse,
a dog, a goldfish, and a hamster.
Ellen should call her doctor and insist
that she needs shots for allergies.
Ellen should visit a friend who has only
cats and one who has only parrots.
El
A.
18
19
20
The picture shows a test for non-slip surfaces to
be used on a ramp. Which of these must be done
to provide more meaningful results?
12
13
14
15
18
..
le.
so
wi
th
es
sa
m
es
th
e
of
rd
s
17
ho
e
sa
..
o.
..
16
ho
11
19
es
25
10
Us
24
9
he
23
8
et
22
7
Us
21
6
oa
5
eb
4
Us
3
et
2
Us
1
he
sa
m
es
D.
Use the same shoe on each surface
Use boards of the same thickness
Use the same shoe size for each type of
shoe
Use shoes with soles designed for sports
ho
e
A.
B.
C.
si.
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
20
According to the graph, which angle of release
would cause the javelin to go the farthest?
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
75
16
17
18
19
20
°
5
25%
30
4
°
3
25%
45
2
°
1
°
75°
60°
45°
30°
25%
60
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
An experiment was set up to measure the
distance a snail would travel in 5 minutes.
Which of these rulers should be used to give
the most precise measurement?
A.
B.
C.
25% 25% 25% 25%
D.
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
D
4
C
3
B
2
A
1
In the scale model below, one centimeter is equal
to one-half of a meter. The mailbox is 2 truck
lengths away from the model truck. How far away
is the mailbox from the truck on the real street?
25% 25% 25% 25%
22
23
24
25
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
m
et
er
s
21
6
19
20
5
m
et
er
s
4
15
3
m
et
er
s
2
10
1
m
et
er
s
5 meters
10 meters
15 meters
20 meters
5
A.
B.
C.
D.
20
Which of the following does not use
metric units to measure the density
of a solution?
A. 10.5 grams/milliliter
B. 1.56 pounds/fluid
ounce
C. 1050 kilograms/cubic
meter
D. 1.05 grams/cubic
centimeter
25
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
...
bi
c
ce
n
bi
...
ra
m
s/
cu
ki
lo
g
ds
/fl
u
id
ou
ill
ili
t
12
gr
am
s/
cu
24
9
05
23
8
1.
22
7
50
21
6
10
5
56
4
1.
3
po
un
gr
am
s/
m
.5
2
10
1
nc
e
er
25% 25% 25% 25%
18
19
20
According to the scale shown below, what
is the approximate length of the baby blue
whale?
25% 25% 25% 25%
2 meters
4 meters
6 meters
10 meters
23
24
25
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
m
et
er
s
22
7
10
21
6
m
et
er
s
5
6
4
m
et
er
s
3
4
2
m
et
er
s
1
2
A.
B.
C.
D.
A student wishes to test the hypothesis that
adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing
point of the water. What would be the dependent
(responding) variable?
Amount of water put into a
container
Amount of antifreeze added to the
water
Temperature at which the
water/antifreeze mixture freezes
Type of thermometer used to
measure the freezing point
24
25
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
...
rm
om
et
er
...
hi
ch
...
at
w
ez
e
17
th
e
an
tif
re
of
15
of
23
8
m
pe
22
7
Te
21
6
nt
5
m
ou
4
A
3
m
ou
2
A
1
nt
of
w
at
er
pu
ti
n.
.
D.
18
pe
C.
Ty
B.
25% 25% 25% 25%
ra
tu
re
A.
19
20
Students measured and recorded the density of 4
samples. Using the density column and the data table
shown below, which of the samples will probably float
on top of the oil?
25%
25%
18
19
25%
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Sample D
23
24
25
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
m
pl
e
Sa
m
pl
e
Sa
20
D
22
7
m
pl
e
21
6
Sa
5
C
4
m
pl
e
3
Sa
2
A
1
B
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
A student wishes to measure the mass
of an object. Which instrument would
be most useful?
25% 25% 25% 25%
22
23
24
25
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
nm
ey
er
fla
ru
le
r
M
et
ric
er
lin
d
d
ua
te
14
Er
le
21
6
ra
d
5
G
4
cy
ba
l
am
be
3
le
2
Tr
ip
1
sk
Triple beam balance
Graduated cylinder
Metric ruler
Erlenmeyer flask
an
ce
A.
B.
C.
D.
18
19
20
The picture shows the growth curve of a
bacterial population. According to this
information, the bacterial population doubles
every —
25% 25% 25% 25%
23
24
25
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
tes
tes
19
mi
nu
22
7
20
60
21
6
mi
nu
5
30
4
mi
nu
3
20
2
3m
inu
1
tes
3 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
60 minutes
tes
A.
B.
C.
D.
A student wanted to test the hypothesis that
adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing
point of water. The student found that pure water
froze at 0°C, while the water/antifreeze mixture
froze at 20°C. In order to confirm the results, the
student should repeat the experiment using —
25% 25% 25% 25%
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
a
5
di
ffe
re
4
a
3
co
nt
ai
2
a
1
nt
...
di
ffe
re
nt
ex
...
ac
tly
th
e
...
...
a container of a different size
a different amount of antifreeze
a different amount of water
exactly the same set-up as the
first experiment
ne
ro
A.
B.
C.
D.
18
19
20
This experiment was set up to test the
hypothesis that plants grow faster in green
light. What is the independent variable in this
experiment?
23
24
25
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
ot
fp
ze
o
of
l
of
17
Si
22
7
lo
r
21
6
Co
5
nt
4
Am
ou
3
pe
2
Ty
1
ig
h
wa
te
r
pl
a
nt
Type of plant
Amount of water
Color of light
Size of pot
of
A.
B.
C.
D.
t
25% 25% 25% 25%
20
A student predicts that more sugar will
dissolve in warm water than in cold water. She
puts some water in a container, adds sugar,
and then stirs. The amount of undissolved
sugar is then observed. When this student
repeats the experiment to verify her prediction,
the only thing that should change is the —
5
21
22
23
24
25
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
m
pe
4
to
f.
3
te
2
ou
n
1
..
ra
tu
am
re
ou
...
nt
of
am
...
ou
nt
of
...
amount of water used
temperature of the water
amount of sugar used
amount of time stirring
am
A.
B.
C.
D.
25% 25% 25% 25%
17
18
19
20
24
25
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
rs
fe
e
t
er
s
16
17
18
lo
lit
e
23
8
19
ki
22
7
bi
c
21
6
cu
5
ill
ili
t
4
m
3
bi
c
2
cu
1
m
et
er
s
A student conducted an experiment on plant
growth that required adding about one cupful of
liquid fertilizer to several plants each week. In
order to accurately measure the fertilizer given
to each plant, the fertilizer volume should be
measured in — 25% 25% 25% 25%
A. cubic meters
B. milliliters
C. cubic feet
D. kiloliters
20
A new medication dissolves blood clots. However, if
too much is used, excessive bleeding occurs. Which
method should scientists use to determine the best
dosage of this new medication?
23
24
25
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
e
sa
ge
do
y
th
17
th
e
tim
es
th
.
..
t..
.
bj
ec
st
te
th
e
16
on
l
22
7
18
ry
21
6
Va
5
ve
4
Ha
3
e
2
Us
1
pe
op
le
of
su
m
an
y
D.
an
ge
C.
Ch
B.
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
Use people of many different ages as test
subjects
Have the test subjects eat a wide variety
of foods with the medication
Change the times the medication is given
to determine if timing affects bleeding
Vary only the dosages of the medication
while keeping everything else constant
d.
..
A.
19
20
As a supplement to some diets, iron is
taken in tablet form. The mass of iron
in these tablets is often measured in —
milliliters
calories
centimeters
milligrams
23
24
25
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
s
s
15
ill
ig
ra
m
22
7
19
m
21
6
ce
5
lo
r ie
4
ca
3
ill
ili
t
2
m
1
nt
im
et
er
s
25% 25% 25% 25%
er
s
A.
B.
C.
D.
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