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Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
Version 3.1
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
The world is not flat.
It’s a “Round-ish Shape”
(if that makes any sense)
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
It’s got Lumps and Bumps
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
Creeks and Rivers
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
Differences in Vegetation
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
And… many interesting features (natural & man-made)
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
Map reading is the art of being able to look at a 2D image
(map) to gain a 3D overview of the area that has been
represented on that map.
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
1. Types of
Maps
Topographic
How do you
fold them?
Orthophoto
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
2. Projections
The Prime Meridian
North
The
Equator
Activity 1:
Hand out the
historic
projection
examples
West
East
South
Latitude
Longitude
A projection of the globe onto a flat map using a grid of lines of latitude and longitude
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
2. Projections
Distortion
Distortion
Antarctica
Transverse Mercator
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
2. Projections
Universal Transverse Mercator
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
Australia
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
8o
South of the
Equator
16o
8o
24o
6o
32o
40o
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o East of the Prime Meridian
Latitude & Longitude lines based upon the Map Grid of Australia (MGA)
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
Activity 2:
Hand out the
MGA zone
reference
sheet
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o
This UTM Projection is used to creates Zones
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
This is Zone 55H
150o
156o
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o
A single zone is closer to a rectangle than the whole country
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o
But rectangular maps still don’t fit
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o
And where is the Point of Origin? (Reference Point)
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
10,000km
from the
Equator
then set
to 0o North
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o
A False Point of Origin (somewhere to lock the grid system to)
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
10,000km
from the
Equator
then set
to 0o North
G
48o
o
108
114o
500km west of the
Central Meridian
then set to 0o East
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o
The maps in zones are lined up to a Central Meridian
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o
This system is repeated for each zone
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
150o
156o
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
10,000km
from the
Equator
then set
to 0o North
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
Zone 55H
132o
138o
144o
150o
500km west of the
Central Meridian
then set to 0o East
156o
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
53
52
8o
L
16o
K
24o
J
32o
H
40o
G
48o
o
108
114o
120o
126o
132o
138o
144o
Where two zones meet
150o
156o
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
Shooters Hill & Kanangra
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
Shooters Hill & Kanangra
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
Shooters Hill & Kanangra
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
Shooters Hill & Kanangra
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
36
35
(6234000m North)
34
75
(775000m East)
76
77 23
(223000m East)
Shooters Hill & Kanangra
24
25
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
This method of aligning map sheets to a datum is
known as the Geocentric Datum of Australia
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
3. Grid Systems
An understanding of UTM, GDA and MGA will ensure that
we are communicating grid references correctly.
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
4. Map Sheet Information
a) Map title
b) Map edition & sheet number
c) Map scale
d) Type of map
e) Approximate location
f) GDA symbol
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
4. Map Sheet Information
a) Scale (linear scale)
b) Contour Interval
c) Legend or key to symbols
Activity 3:
Finding
features on
the Cooma
map sheet
Activity 4:
Hand out fire
mapping
symbols
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
4. Map Sheet Information
a) Grid
MGA, Grid lines at intervals
of 1000m
AMG shown in blue
b) Projection (UTM)
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
4. Map Sheet Information
a) Location
b) Adjoining maps
c) North points diagram
d) Counties & Local
Government Areas
e) Grid reference block
f) Additional datum
information (important
information for GPS users)
Activity 5:
Find the zones
(Cooma map
sheet) with the
MGA zone
reference sheet
GV
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
5. Map Scale
a) Common scales are:
1:25 000
1:50 000
1:100 000
Activity 6:
Complete
b) The linear scale
the distance
exercise
c) Measuring distances on a map (paper, string or ruler)
sheet
A contour interval reference is also provided
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
6. Contours
Activity 7:
Complete
the contours
exercise
sheet
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
7. Map Coordinates
a) Latitude & Longitude
note: problems with
distance.
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
7. Map Coordinates
a) Latitude &
Longitude
36o 50’ 00” S
Latitude
increases in
value in
southerly
direction at
00o 01’ 00”
intervals
from the
Equator
36o 51’ 00” S
36o 52’ 00” S
36o 52’ 30” S
Over Australia, Longitude increases in
value in easterly direction at 00o 01’ 00”
intervals from the Prime Meridian
149o 15’ 00” E
149o 16’ 00” E
149o 17’ 00” E
Map Reading & GPS
Part One - Maps
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
1000m
7. Map Coordinates
a) Northings &
Eastings
1000m
5 920 000mN
5 919 000mN
5 918 000mN
Northings
increase in
value in
northerly
direction
AMG
5 917 000mN of false origin
Eastings increase in
value in easterly
direction
? 703 000mE
702 000mE
AMG
701 000mE of false origin for this zone
Beware 13 figure grid references
Zero is 500 000m west of the Central Meridian
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Grid References
Map details
Four figure
Six figure
Avoid thirteen
figure references
e) Fourteen figure
Cathcart map sheet
or 55HGV
Grid Ref 0120
(somewhere in this
blue square)
Cathcart map sheet
or 55HGV
Grid Ref 016186
(somewhere in this
blue square)
Thirteen Figure
GR 7016005918600
Fourteen Figure
GR 07016005918600
Eastings 0701600
Northings 5918600
Convert to 6 fig
Remember to go across before you go up and down (east then north)
Start with the map details (to suit you operational standards)
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
8. Grid References
a) Using a
Romer Scale
The dam is at grid reference:
Cathcart map sheet 1:25,000
034195
Activity 8:
Complete
the grid
references
exercise
sheet
Part One - Maps
Map Reading & GPS
A guide for Firefighters
NSW Rural Fire Service – Monaro Team
Part One - Maps
Any Questions?
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