2.2.3
Motherboard
2.2.3.1 Identify the location of the central
processing unit (CPU), expansion slots, expansion
cards, RAM slots, ports and connectors on the
motherboard.
Kenal pasti lokasi unit pemprosesan pusat
(CPU), slot pengembangan, kadpengembangan,
slot RAM, pelabuhan dan penyambung pada
motherboard.
CPU Socket
A CPU socket is a connector built into the
motherboard where the CPU (central processing
unit) goes. Most motherboards use the PGA (Pin
Grid Array) architecture which means that there
is a grid of holes, in which a particular CPU's pins
will fit into.
Soket CPU adalah penyambung yang dibina ke
dalam motherboard di mana CPU (unit
pemprosesan pusat) pergi. Kebanyakan papan
induk menggunakan seni bina PGA (PinGrid
Array) yang
bermaksud bahawa terdapat grid lubang, di
mana pin CPU tertentuakan dimuatkan ke dalam.
Power Connector
• In 20/24 pin configurations, the Mini-Fit Jr. connector
may be used on ATX motherboards as the main power
connector. 4, 6 and 8 pin configurations of the same style
of connector are used for additional CPU power and
graphics card power. This is changing as power, signal and
speed requirements increase in sophistication and
electronic requirements. More commonly, the Mini-Fit,
Jr. can be found in consumer applications, such as white
goods, requiring high density and high current.
• These connectors are polarized so that they usually
cannot be inserted incorrectly, and lock into position
using a latch.
RAM Slot
A RAM slot or what is sometimes called an expansion slot is a
rectangular slot that is built into the motherboard. A RAM
slot is used to place expansion cards in it, such as RAM cards
to increase the amount of RAM that is on the computer. The
main purpose of the RAM slot or expansion slot, is just for
the user to be able to increase the amount of RAM on their
computer.
Satu slot RAM atau apa yang kadangkadang dipanggil slot pengembangan ialah slotsegiempat yang dibina ke
dalam motherboard. Satu slot RAM yang digunakan untuk
meletakkan kad pengembangan di dalamnya, seperti kad RAM untuk
meningkatkan jumlah RAM yang ada di komputer. Tujuan
utama slot RAM atau slot pengembangan,hanya untuk
pengguna mampu untuk meningkatkan jumlah RAM pada
komputer mereka.
EIDE
• Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) is a generic term applied to
any drive with an integrated (built-in) disk controller. The first
drives with integrated controller were Hardcards. In the IDE
architecture, the disk controller is integrated into the drive.
This combination drive/controller assembly usually plugs into
an interface on the motherboard or an interface card plugged
into an empty bus slot.
• Enhanced IDE (EIDE) was a marketing program first initiated
by Western Digital. EIDE has two sides:
Software - the Enhanced BIOS Specification that surpasses the
504 MB hard drive capacity limitation
Hardware - hard drives that conform to the ATA-2 and ATA-PI
Standards
Floppy Connector
The floppy disk interface uses what is likely the
strangest cable of all those in PCs today. It is
similar to the standard IDE cable in that it is
usually a flat, gray ribbon cable. It is unusual in
terms of the number of connectors it has and how
it is used to configure the setup of the floppy disks
in the system.
The floppy disk interface uses what is likely the
strangest cable of all those in PCs today. It is
similar to the standard IDE cable in that it is
usually a flat, gray ribbon cable. It is unusual in
terms of the number of connectors it has and how
it is used to configure the setup of the floppy disks
in the system.
ISA Slot
The ISA card-edge connector is used to connect
peripheral cards to the motherboard of PC
compatible computers. The "ISA Connector" is
actually two card-edge connectors one 62-pin,
one 36-pin. The 36-pin connector (designated as
having pins C1-D18) was added for 16-bit I/O at
the time the IBM PC/AT was developed.
Kad-ujung penyambung ISA digunakan untuk
menyambung kad persisian untukmotherboard komputer PC
yang serasi. "ISA Penyambung" sebenarnya
adalah dua kadkelebihan penyambung 62-pin, satu 36pin. Penyambung 36-pin (ditetapkan
sebagaimempunyai pin C1-D18) telah ditambah selama
16 bit I / O pada masa IBM PC / ATtelah dibangunkan.
PCI Slots
The PCI slot is one of longest existing slots on a
motherboard, and were expansion slots for cards like
modem, lan cards, sound cards even old video cards. Now
most of the listed devices are integrated into the
motherboards, so there is lesser use for PCI slots. Mostly
there are used today for soundcards, better ones than the
onboard sound from the motherboard, and TV capture
cards.
Slot PCI adalah salah satu slot terpanjang yang sedia ada pada
motherboard, dan slotpengembangan kad seperti modem, kad lan,
kad bunyi walaupun kad video lama.Kebanyakan peranti yang tersenarai
disepadukan ke dalam papan
induk, makapenggunaan slot PCI yang lebih kecil bagi. Kebanyakannya di
gunakan hari ini untuksoundcards, orangorang yang lebih baik daripada bunyi pesawat dari motherboard, dan
kad penangkapan TV.
Serial Port
The serial port is a type of connection on PCs
that is used for peripherals such as mice,
gaming controllers, modems, and older
printers
Port siri adalah jenis sambungan
pada PC yang digunakan untuk
peralatan seperti tikus,pengawal permainan,
modem, dan pencetak yang lebih tua
Parallel Port
A parallel interface for connecting an external
device such as a printer. Most personal
computers have both a parallel port and at least
one serial port.
Antara muka selari untuk
menyambung peranti
luaran seperti pencetak. Kebanyakan
komputer peribadi mempunyai port
selari dan sekurang-kurangnya satu port siri.
Chipset
A number of integrated circuits designed to perform one or
more related functions. For example, one chipset may
provide the basic functions of a modem while another
provides the CPU functions for a computer. Newer chipsets
generally include functions provided by two or more older
chipsets. In some cases, older chipsets that required two or
more physical chips can be replaced with a chipset on one
chip.
Beberapa litar bersepadu yang direka untuk melaksanakan satu atau
lebih fungsi yang berkaitan. Sebagai
contoh, satu chipset boleh menyediakan fungsi asas modemmanakala
seorang lagi menyediakan fungsi CPU
untuk komputer. Baru chipsetumumnya termasuk fungsi yang disediakan
oleh dua atau lebih chipset lebih tua. Dalam sesetengah kes, lebih
tua chipset yang memerlukan dua atau
lebih cip fizikal bolehdigantikan dengan chipset pada satu cip.
USB Port
• A USB port is a standard cable connection interface on
personal computers and consumer electronics. USB ports
allow stand-alone electronic devices to be connected via
cables to a computer (or to each other). USB stands for
Universal Serial Bus, an industry standard for shortdistance digital data communications. USB allows data to
be transferred between devices. USB ports can also
supply electric power across the cable to devices without
their own power source.
• Both wired and wireless versions of the USB standard
exist, although only the wired version involves USB ports
and cables.
PS/2 Keyboard Connector
The keyboard connector is the device at the
end of the cable that is used to attach the
keyboard to the system.
Penyambung papan kekunci peranti pada
akhir kabel yang digunakan
untukmelampirkan keyboard kepada
sistem.
PS/2 Mouse Connector
• The PS/2 connector is a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector used for
connecting some keyboards and mice to a PC compatible
computer system. Its name comes from the IBM Personal
System/2 series of personal computers, with which it was
introduced in 1987. The PS/2 mouse connector generally
replaced the older DE-9 RS-232 "serial mouse" connector,
while the PS/2 keyboard connector replaced the larger 5pin/180° DIN connector used in the IBM PC/AT design. The
PS/2 designs on keyboard and mouse interfaces are
electrically similar and employ the same communication
protocol. However, a given system's keyboard and mouse
port may not be interchangeable since the two devices use
a different set of commands.
USB Ports
Serial Communications Port
• Serial communication is a popular means of transmitting data
between a computer and a peripheral device such as a
programmable instrument or even another computer.
• Serial communication uses a transmitter to send data, one bit
at a time, over a single communication line to a receiver. You
can use this method when data transfer rates are low or you
must transfer data over long distances.
• Serial communication is popular because most computers
have one or more serial ports, so no extra hardware is needed
other than a cable to connect the instrument to the computer
or two computers together.
VGA Port
• A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pin
DE-15 connector. The 15-pin VGA connector is found on many
video cards, computer monitors, and some high definition
television sets.
• On laptop computers or other small devices, a mini-VGA port
is sometimes used in place of the full-sized VGA connector.
Parallel Port
• A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers
(personal and otherwise) for connecting various peripherals.
In computing, a parallel port is a parallel communication
physical interface. It is also known as a printer port or
Centronics port. The IEEE 1284 standard defines the bidirectional version of the port, which allows the transmission
and reception of data bits at the same time.
Audio Out Jack (Middle)
Microphone Jack (Left)
• A TRS connector (tip, ring,
sleeve) is a common family
of connector typically used
for analog signals including
audio. It is cylindrical in
shape, typically with three
contacts,
although
sometimes with two (a TS
connector) or four (a TRRS
connector).
• It is also termed an audio
jack, phone jack, phone
plug, and jack plug. Specific
models are termed stereo
plug,
mini-jack,
ministereo, headphone jack,
tiny telephone connector
and bantam plug.
•
In the UK, the terms jack plug and jack
socket are commonly used for the
respective male and female TRS
connectors.[2] In the U.S., a stationary
(more fixed) electrical connector is called
a "jack".[3][4] The terms phone plug and
phone jack are sometimes used to refer to
TRS connectors,[5] but are also sometimes
used colloquially to refer to RJ11 and
older telephone
plugs and the
corresponding jacks that connect wired
telephones to wall outlets (the similar
terms phono plug and phono jack refer to
RCA connectors though both plug types
are used in tandem when a computer or
MP3 player connects to a stereo). In
conversation, the diameter is often added
to specify which size — quarter-inch
phone plug or 3.5 mm phone jack for the
unbalanced two-channel three-contact
version, and balanced TRS jack or TRS
phone plug for the balanced one-channel
three-contact version
Gigabit RJ-45
Ethernet LAN Port
• Sockets on computers and network devices are
known as "ports." A network port is also called a
LAN port --- LAN stands for Local Area Network --which is an industry term for a private network.
The leading set of standards for the physical
properties of LANs is called Ethernet. The Ethernet
recommendations evolve over time, each new
addition creating faster and more efficient
networks. The latest series of Ethernet standards
covers networks that can transfer data at more
than a thousand million bits per second. This is a
gigabit LAN. RJ45 is the common name for
connecting the network cable to the computer
Q&A?
2.
Figure 11 show a computer motherboard.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan papanlitar induk komputer.
Based on figure above, answers the question that follow.
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, jawab soalan berikut.
a.
What is the function of the motherboard on the
computer?
Apakah fungsi papan litar induk komputer?
The motherboard represents the logical foundation of the
computer. The primary function of the motherboard chipset is to
direct this data to the correct area’s of the motherboard, and
therefore the correct components.
Motherboard mewakili asas yang logik komputer.
Fungsi utama chipset motherboard adalah untuk mengarahkan data ini
kepada kawasan yang betul motherboard, dan oleh
itu komponen yang betul.
b.
State two components attach directly to motherboard.
Nyatakan dua komponen yang disertakan bersama dengan papan litar
induk.
Other components attach directly to it, such as the memory, CPU
(Central Processing Unit), graphics card, sound card, disk drives,
along with various external ports and peripherals.
Komponen-komponen lain melampirkan secara
langsung kepadanya, seperti memori,CPU (Central Processing Unit), ka
d grafik, kad bunyi, pemacu cakera, bersamasamadengan pelbagai pelabuhan persisian dan luar.
c.
Most motherboards have one or more expansions slots.
What are function of expansion slot?
Kebanyakan papan litar induk mempunyai satu atau lebih slot
pengembangan. Apakah fungsi slot pengembangan?
The function of expansion slots are exactly like their name. they
are meant to hold extra devices. They “expand” your systems
ability to have hardware.
Fungsi slot pengembangan adalah sama seperti nama
mereka. mereka bertujuan untuk
memegang peranti tambahan. Mereka "mengembangkan" keupayaan
sistem andamempunyai perkakasan.
Prepared by :Arina Dayana bt Jamalllulil
Nur Amanina bt Ruslan
THE END