Consonants
The stops and continuants
Chapter five
Voiced and voiceless consonants
• You have vibration at your throat while
producing voiced consonants.
• Voiceless: /p/, /t/, /k/,/f/, /s/, /θ/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /h/
• Voiced: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ð/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/
1- The stop consonants
• /p/, /b/
Stop the airflow by holding your lips together. Then
part the lips quickly to release the airflow with
sudden pressure.
• /t/,/d/
Place your tongue tip on the alveolar ridge to stop
the airflow. Then lower the tip sharply to release
the airflow
• /k/,/g/
Raise the back of your tongue against the palate to
stop the airflow. Drop the tongue quickly to
release the airflow with sudden pressure.
Aspiration with the stops
• At the beginning of words, stop consonants
are released with a slight burst of air. The
sound of air produced is called aspiration.
ten-den
pin- bin
come-gum
• At the end of words stop consonants are not
aspirated. They are released softly
At add
cap cab
back bag
Page 5.6
• Middle stop consonant is aspirated when it
begins a stressed syllable
Appear-upper
occur-acre
Upon-open
become-backup
Practice pages 5.8- 5.10
Linking: consonants with consonants
• In English speech, identical consonants
between words are produced as one.
Good day
what time?
Take care
• To link different stop consonants hold the
airflow on the first one and release it on the
second.
Big time
lap top
neck tie
Page: 5.11
The suffix –ed
• The suffix –ed is pronounced /t/ after
voiceless consonants and /d/ after voiced
consonants.
Backed bagged
roped robed
Page 5.11
Page 5.17 (very important)
2- Continuant consonants
• /θ/, /ð/
The tongue is flattened. Raise the sides against
the upper side teeth. Place the tongue tip
below the upper front teeth. The airflow must
be continuous.
/θ/ thank, thick, bath
/ð/ this, that, those
Pages: 5.19-5.22
Sound clusters
• When /θ/ follows /n/, place the tongue tip for
/n/ in the same place as /θ/. With the tongue
tip between the upper and the lower teeth.
7th, 9th, 10th, 11th.
2- Continuant consonants
• /f/,/v/
Place the bottom lip under the front upper
teeth, allowing a passage for a continuous
airflow.
Face- vase
leaf-leave
safe-save
• Suffix –s
-s is voiceless after /f/, and it is voiced after /v/
Proofs- proves
Page: 5.27
safes- saves
waifs-waves
Thank you