Overture to Don Giovanni (Opera Buffa) by W.A. Mozart.
What are your impressions of the opera from this piece?
What mood does it inspire?
Fun Fact: Legend has it that Mozart wrote this piece on the morning of the premiere of the opera!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyjVCbTo5F0

The Sound of Major Keys
 Before we begin to look at minor scales, you need to be rock solid on major scales!
Let’s remind ourselves about the major scales up to 4 sharps and flats.

Major Scale Reminder:
 1. What is the key signature of C Major?
 2. What is the key signature of A Major?
 3. What is the key signature of G Major?
 4. What is the key signature of D Major?
 5. What is the key signature of E Major?

Major Scale Reminder:
 1. What is the key signature of Bb Major?
 2. What is the key signature of Ab Major?
 3. What is the key signature of F Major?
 4. What is the key signature of Eb Major?

The Sound of Major Keys
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Even though each Major key uses different notes, they are built using the same pattern of:
T-T-ST-T-T-T-ST
So, a song played in C Major or D Major will not sound very different.
But a song played in C Minor will sound very different because it is built on a scale that uses a different pattern of notes.

Songs in Major Keys
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Simple nursery rhymes that we are familiar with are often written in Major keys.
Lots of pop music, advertising jingles we know are also written in major keys.
People describe major music as bright, uplifting, fun, happy.
Songs written in Minor keys however can sound sad, ominous, mysterious.

Listen to the five excerpts and decide if they are major or minor
 http://cnx.org/contents/86cbf322-1fc8-4c9d-aa3d-
7b732e2019af@28/Major_Keys_and_Scales
 Answer:
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1.Major
2.Major
3. Minor
4. Major
5. Minor

Here is a famous R.E.M song re-worked in a major key
 “Losing My Religion” Original
 “Losing My Religion” Reworked

Minor Scales
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Minor scales sound different from major scales because they are based on a different pattern of intervals .
Starting the minor scale pattern on a different note will give you a different key signature .
The scale that is created by playing all the notes in a minor key signature is a natural minor scale.
To create a natural minor scale, start on the tonic note and go up the scale using the interval pattern:
T- ST- T- T- ST- T- T

C Minor Scale: mark the semitones

Write the a minor Scale:
NOTE! Minor scales are written with lower case letters!
Follow this pattern! T- ST- T- T- ST- T- T

Relative Key Signatures
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Each minor key shares a key signature with a major key.
A minor key is called the relative minor of the major key that has the same key signature.
The Natural Minor scale starts on the sixth note of the major scale.

Finding Relative Major Keys
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To find the key signature of a minor key:
Go up 3 semitones from the tonic of the minor key to find the relative major key and use its key signature.
EXAMPLE: To find the key signature of c# minor:
Go 3 Semitones above the tonic of C# minor and that is the is the relative major. When naming the relative
Major key, always skip one alphabetical letter name.
C- D- E.
E Major has four sharps, F#, C#, G#, D# c# minor shares the key signature of E Major key signature.
So c# minor has F#, C#, G#, D#

Finding Relative Majors- p.69
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1. a)
The relative major of f# minor is A Major
A Major has 3 sharps:
 F#, C#, G#
 Therefore, f# minor has:
 F#, C#, G#

Finding Relative Majors- p.69
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1. b)
The relative of major of b minor is
D Major
D Major has 2 sharps: F#, C #
 Therefore b minor also has two sharps: F#, C#
 Listen to the scale

Finding Relative Majors- p. 69
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The Relative Major of e minor is
G Major
G Major has 1 sharp: F#
Therefore e minor also has: F#
 Listen to the scale:

Finding Relative Majors- p. 69
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The Relative Major of a minor is
C Major
C Major has 0 sharps
Therefore, a minor also has 0 sharps.

Practice!
 You have 7 minutes to complete #2, #3 (on p. 69), and #4 (on p. 70) in your keyboard theory books.

Take up practice- p. 69 #2
 Fill in the blanks to complete the following chart.
Minor Key Relative Major Key Key Signature a minor e minor b minor f# minor c# minor
____________
___
___ ___
___ ___ ___
___ ___ ___ ___

Take up practice- p. 69 #2
 Fill in the blanks to complete the following chart.
Minor Key Relative Major Key Key Signature a minor e minor b minor f# minor c# minor
C Major
G Major
D Major
A Major
E Major
None
F#
F# C#
F# C# G#
F# C# G# D#

Take up practice- p. 69
 #3. Name the Relative Minor Key of each of the following major keys.
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C Major:________
G Major:________
D Major:________
A Major:________
E Major:________

Take up practice- p. 69
 #3. Name the Relative Minor Key of each of the following major keys.
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C Major: a minor
G Major: e minor
D Major: b minor
A Major: f# minor
E Major: c# minor

Minor Scales- p. 70
 4. Write the key signature for each of the following minor keys. a minor b minor c# minor f# minor e minor

Finding Relative Majors- p. 70
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EXAMPLE:
To find the key signature of a minor key: f minor
Go 3 semitones up from f to find the relative major.
The relative major is therefore- Ab Major
When naming the relative Major key, always skip one alphabetical letter- F- G- A.
Ab Major has four flats- Bb, Eb, Ab, Db f minor shares the Ab key signature. Therefore, f minor also has Bb, Eb, Ab, Db.

Exercises- p. 70
5. a) The Relative Major of c minor is:
Eb Major
Eb Major has 3 flats.
Therefore, c minor also has 3 flats: Bb, Eb, Ab.

Exercises p. 70
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5. b) The Relative Major of g minor is:
Bb Major
Bb Major has 2 flats: Bb, Eb
Therefore, g minor also has two flats: Bb, Eb

Exercises p. 70
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5. b) The Relative Major of d minor is:
F Major
F Major has 1 flats: Bb
Therefore, d minor also has one flats: Bb

Exercises p. 70
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5. b) The Relative Major of f minor is:
Ab Major
Ab Major has 4 flats: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db
Therefore, f minor also has four flats: Bb, Eb, Ab, Db

Practice!
 You have 5 minutes to complete #6 and #7 on p. 71.

Take up Practice- p. 71
 #6. Fill in the blanks to complete the following chart.
Minor Key Relative Major
Key
Key Signature a minor d minor g minor c minor f minor

Take up Practice- p. 71
 #6. Fill in the blanks to complete the following chart.
Minor Key a minor
Relative Major
Key
C Major
Key Signature
None d minor F Major Bb g minor c minor f minor
Bb Major
Eb Major
Ab Major
Bb Eb
Bb Eb Ab
Bb Eb Ab Db

Take up practice- p. 71
 Name the relative minor key of each of the following major keys.
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C Major:
F Major:
Bb Major:
Eb Major:
Ab Major:

Take up practice- p. 71
 Name the relative minor key of each of the following major keys.
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C Major: a minor
F Major: d minor
Bb Major: g minor
Eb Major: c minor
Ab Major: f minor

Return of the Circle of Fifths

Natural Minor Scales
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There are three different types of minor scales.
The minor scale is called NATURAL when it is written in its basic unchanged form.

Natural Minor Scales
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There are three different types of minor scales.
The minor scale is called NATURAL when it is written in its basic unchanged form.
Important to note:
The seventh note of a natural minor scale is called the subtonic. (The Bb in the scale below)

Harmonic Minor Scales
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The second type of minor scale is the harmonic minor scale.
To write a harmonic minor scale, start by writing out a natural minor scale.

Harmonic Minor Scales
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Raise the seventh note a chromatic semitone, ascending and descending.
In this example: Bb becomes a B natural.
The raised seventh note of a harmonic minor scale is called a LEADING NOTE.
WHY???
5 to 1!

Let’s practice: p. 74 #15
 A) c# minor harmonic form
What do we need to do to make this scale a C- sharp harmonic scale??

Let’s practice: p. 74 #15
 b) f# minor harmonic form

Let’s practice: p. 74 #15
 b) b minor harmonic form

Let’s practice: p. 77 #19
 a) f minor harmonic form, dotted half notes, ascending and descending, using a key signature

Let’s practice: p. 77 #19
 B) c minor, harmonic form, dotted half notes, ascending and descending, using a key signature

Melodic Minor Scales
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The third type of minor scale is the melodic minor scale.
Write the natural minor scale first.
Raise the sixth and seventh notes by a chromatic semitone in the ASCENDING scale only.
In the descending melodic minor scale, the sixth and seventh notes are lowered back to down to form an unaltered natural minor scale again.

Melodic Minor Scales

Let’s practice: p. 79 #23 a)
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 a) e minor, melodic form, ascending and descending,
Whole notes and a key signature

Let’s practice: p. 79 #23 b)
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 b) b minor, melodic form, ascending and descending,
Whole notes and a key signature

Melodic Minor Scales- mark the semitones
 In the natural minor scale, the semitones are marked between notes 2-3 and 5-6.
 Where are they marked on the melodic minor scale?
 (between the 2-3 and 7-1 ascending, and 2-3 and 5-6 descending.)

Let’s practice: p. 81 #26 a)
 a) f# minor, melodic form descending only, in quarter notes
 Using accidentals, mark semitones with a slur

Finish Minor Scales homework in theory book
 In small groups, you will work to complete all of
Lesson 6 (to the end of p.86) exercises on minor scales in your keyboard theory books. I will be checking for completion!
 If you have any questions about minor scales,
TODAY is the day to ask!
 There will be a short quiz on Relative Major and
Minor Key signatures and Natural Minor scales on
Thursday.

Finish Minor Scales homework in theory book
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GROUPS:
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Gabi, Taisa, Daniella
- Larissa, Sophia, Lucas

Diana, Emily, Lucas
-Graham, Nicole, Henry
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Camilla, Michal, Chanelle