Illustrations
1. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Saint Jerome, Chigi Chapel, Cathedral, Siena.
2. Giuliano Finelli, Bust of Michelangelo Buonarroti il Giovane, Casa Buoanrroti, Florence.
3. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, The Ecstacy of Saint Theresa of Avila, Santa Maria della
Vittoria, Rome.
4. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Saint Bibiana, Santa Bibiana, Rome.
5. Francesco Mochi, Saint Veronica, Saint Peter’s, Rome.
6. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Bust of Pope Urban VIII, Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica
di Palazzo Barberini, Rome.
7. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Bust of Pedro de Foix Montoya, San Giacomo degli Spagnoli,
Rome.
8. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Angel on the Baldacchino, Saint Peter’s, Rome.
9. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Bust of Francesco I d’Este, Galleria Estense, Modena
10. Antonio Raggi, Angel Announcing the Flight into Egypt to Saint Joseph, Sant’Andrea della
Valle, Rome.
11. Alessandro Algardi, The Beheading of Saint Paul, San Paolo, Bologna.
12. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, David, Galleria Borghese, Rome.
13. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Tomb for Pope Urban VII, Saint Peter’s, Rome.
14. Andrea Bolgi, Members of the De Caro Cacace Family, San Lorenzo Maggiore, Naples.
15. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Bust of Cardinal Scipione Borghese, Galleria Borghese, Rome.
16. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Bust of King Louis XIV, Versailles.
17. After Agostino Carracci, Studies for the Human Face, Bibliotheque National, Paris.
18. Orfeo Boselli, Bust of Cardinal Girolamo Colonna, Palazzo Colonna, Rome.
19. Giuseppe Arcimboldo, The Greengrocer, Museo Civico Ala Ponzone, Cremona.
20. Giuliano Finelli, Bust of Francesco Mariconda, Basilica dell’Annunziata Maggiore,
Naples.
21. Alessandro Algardi, Bust of Pope Innocent X, Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome.
22. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Bust of Pope Innocent X, Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome.
23. Diego Velázquez, Portrait of Pope Innocent X, Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome.
24. Figure taken from Brennan 1985, showing the progressive caricaturing of a line drawing of the face of John F. Kennedy.
(a) Undistorted line drawing, (b) 50% exaggeration with respect to an average, (c) 100%, (d) 140 % and (e) 160% exaggeration.
25. Alessandro Algardi, Bust of Lelio Frangipane, San Marcello al Corso, Rome.
26. Alessandro Algardi, Bust of Roberto Frangipane, San Marcello al Corso, Rome.
27. Alessandro Algardi, Bust of Muzio Frangipane, San Marcello al Corso, Rome.
28. Francesco Mochi,
Bust of Carlo
Barberini. Museo di
Roma, Rome.
29. Giovan Lorenzo
Bernini, Carlo
Barberini (detail).
Musei Capitolini,
Rome.
30. Giuliano Finelli, Bust of Cardinal Scipione Borghese. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York.
31. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Caricature of Cardinal Scipione Borghese, Biblioteca Apostolica
Vaticana, Vatican City.
32. Hans Holbein,
Portrait of Sir
Thomas More, The
Frick Collection,
New York.
33. Annibale Carracci
or Domenico
Zampieri
(Domenichino),
Portrait of Giovan
Battista Agucchi,
York Art Gallery,
York.
34. Melchiorre Cafà, Bust of Pope Alexander VII, Palazzo Chigi, Ariccia
35. Two images from an ‘action sequence’ from Freyd 1983a.
36. François Rude, Le Maréchal Ney, Place de l’Observatoire, Paris.
37. Paolo De’ Matteis, The Judgement of Hercules, The Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
38. Giacomo Balla, Swifts: Paths of Movement + Dynamic Sequences (1913), Museum of
Modern Art, New York.
39. Étienne-Jules Marey, Flight of a Heron, Joy of Giving Something, Inc., New York.
40. Jacopo Tintoretto, Annunciation, Scuola Grande di San Rocco, Venice.
41. Antoine Watteau, Embarkation for Cythera, Louvre, Paris.
42. Alessandro Algardi, The Encounter of St Leo the Great and Attila, Saint Peter’s, Vatican
City.
43. Alessandro Algardi, The Encounter of St Leo the Great and Attila (detail).
44. Alessandro Algardi, Pope Leo XI, Saint Peter’s, Vatican City.
45. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Pope Urban VIII, Saint Peter’s, Vatican City.
46. Alessandro Algardi, Pope Innocent X, Musei Capitolini, Rome.
47. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Constantine’s Vision of the Cross, Scala Regia, Vatican City.
48. Antonio Raggi (after the design by Giuseppe Perone), The Death of Saint Cecilia,
Sant’Agnese in Agone, Rome.
49. Antonio Raggi (after the design by Giuseppe Perone), The Death of Saint Cecilia
(detail).
50. Giovan Lorenzo
Bernini, Bust of
Costanza Bonarelli,
Bargello, Florence.
51. Pierre Puget, Bust of a
King, The National
Gallery of Canada,
Ottawa.
52. Unknown sculptor of the first century BC, Bust of Cicero, Musei Capitolini, Rome.
53. Unknown sculptor of the first century BC, Bust of Cicero, Musei Capitolini, Rome.
54. Antonio Raggi, (after the design by Giovan Lorenzo Bernini), Madonna and Child,
Saint-Joseph des Carmes, Paris.
55. Francesco Baratta (after the design by Giovan Lorenzo Bernini), Río de la Plata,
Piazza Navona, Rome.
56. Domenico Zampieri (Domenichino), The Condemnation of Saint Cecilia, San Luigi dei
Francesi, Rome.
57. Pietro da Cortona, Scene from the Life of Saint Bibiana, Santa Bibiana, Rome.
58. Tiziano Vecellio, San Niccolò Altarpiece. Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican City.
59. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Saint Lawrence. Contini-Bonacossi Collection, Florence.
60. Michelangelo Buonarroti, Pietà. Saint Peter’s, Vatican City.
61. Tiziano Vecellio, The Feast of Venus, Museo del Prado, Madrid.
62. François Duquesnoy, Two Mourning Putti, Santa Maria dell’Anima, Rome.
63. Pietro Bernini, Two Putti Carrying the Barberini Coat of Arms, Sant’Andrea della Valle,
Rome.
64. Francesco Mochi (attributed to), Two Putti Carrying the Barberini Coat of Arms,
Sant’Andrea della Valle, Rome.
65. Francesco Mochi (attributed to), Putto, Sant’Andrea della Valle, Rome.
66. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Charity, Saint Peter’s, Vatican City.
67. Caravaggio, The Death of the Virgin, Louvre, Paris.
68. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Model for the Charity for the Tomb of Urban VIII, Musei
Vaticani, Vatican City.
69. Greek sculptor
of the first
century BC (?),
restored by
Ercole Ferrata,
Medici Venus,
Uffizi,
Florence.
70. Annibale Carracci, Sleeping Venus, Musée Condé, Chantilly.
71. Caravaggio, Doubting Thomas,
Sanssouci, Potsdam.
72. Antonio Raggi, Noli me tangere,
Santi Domenico e Sisto, Rome.
73. Annibale Carracci, Study
for Sleeping Venus, Städel
Museum, Frankfurt am
Main.
74. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Rape of Proserpina (detail), Galleria Borghese,
Rome.
75. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne (detail), Galleria Borghese, Rome.
76. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Bust of Monsignor Francesco Barberini, National Gallery of
Art, Washington.
77. Camillo Rusconi, Giulia Albani degli Abati Olivieri (detail), Kunsthistorisches
Museum, Vienna.
78. Pietro Bernini, Vita attiva,
San Martino, Naples.
79. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini,
Neptune, V&A, London.
80. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Drapery Study for a Church Father of the Cathedra Petri,
Museum der Bildenden Kunste, Leipzig.
81. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Blessed Ludovica Albertoni, San Francesco a Ripa, Rome.
82. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Blessed Ludovica Albertoni (detail).
83. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Angel with the Superscription, Palazzo Venezia, Rome.
84. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne. Galleria Borghese, Rome.
85. Giovan Lorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne.