An Outlook on Land Reform 2012:
Progress and impact on Food
Security in Southern Africa
11TH AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK CONFERENCE
13 & 14 SEPTEMBER 2011
Dawie Maree
Agri SA
Food security
• Definition
• Types of food security
– National
– Household
• Vision of government
Food Security
• G20 Plan of Action
– Improve agricultural production and productivity
RSA: MAIZE (COMMERCIAL)
AREA PLANTED AND PRODUCTION
‘000 Ton
‘000 Ha
14000
Maize (Ha)
5000
Maize(Ton)
12000
4500
10000
4000
8000
3500
6000
3000
4000
2500
2000
2000
0
1500
2010/11
2009/10
2008/09
2007/08
2006/07
2005/06
2004/05
2003/04
2002/03
2001/02
2000/01
1999/00
1998/99
1997/98
1996/97
1995/96
1994/95
1993/94
1992/93
1991/92
1990/91
Source: DAFF
85
75
Index
Volume index of agricultural production
135
125
115
105
95
65
Field Crops
55
Horticulture
45
Animal Production
35
2009/10
2007/08
2005/06
2003/04
2001/02
1999/00
1997/98
1995/96
1993/94
1991/92
1989/90
1987/88
1985/86
1983/84
1981/82
1979/80
1977/78
1975/76
Source: DAFF
Food Security
• G20 Plan of Action
– Improve agricultural production and productivity
– Increase market information and transparency
– Strengthen international policy coherence and
coordination
– Improve and develop risk management tools
– Improve functioning of agricultural commodities’
derivative markets
South African Agriculture
Property rights
Food security
Poor infrastructure
Corruption
Crime
Input costs
Labour dispensation
Trade policy
Service delivery
Land Reform in South Africa
• Contentious and emotive
• Land reform since 1994
– 3-pronged approach
– Target for 2014
– Progress and success???
– Reasons for failure
International experience
• Mexico
– Ownership
– Production
– Dependancy
• Tanzania
– Ownership
– Productivity
• Brazil
– Expropriation
– Government support
– Market-related strategies
Green Paper on Land Reform,
2011
• Vision
– 4-tier system of land tenure
– Clearly defined property rights
– Secure forms of long-term land tenure for resident noncitizens
– Effective land use planning and regulatory systems
• Improved trajectory
– Improve past and current perspectives without
substantially disrupting production and food security
– Avoid/minimise redistribution and restitution which do not
generate sustainable livelihoods, employment and incomes
Green Paper on Land Reform,
2011
• Improved trajectory support by:
– Recapitalisation and development programme
– Single 4-tier tenure system
• State and public land – Leasehold
• Privately owned land – Freehold, with limited extent
• Land owned by foreigners – Freehold, with obligations
and conditions
• Communally owned land – Communal tenure, with
institutionalised use rights
• An Australian example
Green Paper on Land Reform,
2011
• Improved trajectory support by
(continue):
– Land Management Commission
– Land Valuer-General
– Land Rights Management Board, with local
management committees
– Properly aligned common property
institutions
– Tenure Security Bill, 2010
Green Paper on Land Reform,
2011
• Key challenges and constraints:
– Entrenched vested interests
– Poor coordination and integration
– Poor capacity of organs of state to
implement
Expenditure Estimates: Land Affairs:
Restitution and Land Reform
5000000
4500000
4000000
Restitution
3500000
Land Reform
R'000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
Source: Estimates of National Expenditure, 2011
National Treasury
* Medium-term expenditure estimate
2013/14*
2012/13*
2011/12*
2010/11
2009/10
2008/09
2007/08
2006/07
2005/06
2004/05
2003/04
2002/03
2001/02
2000/01
1999/00
1998/99
0
Is there still a
future for the
South African
Farmer?
Conclusion/Road forward
• National Land Audit
• More definite process for land reform
and rural development
• Critical debate
• Expansion into Africa
• Local focus on food security
South African Farmers leaving
Thank you