Getting Started with Android
Development
Rohit Ghatol
About Me
Rohit Ghatol
1. Architect @QuickOffice
2. Project Mgr @Synerzip
3. Certified Scrum Master
LinkedIn Profile
4. Author “Beginning PhoneGap” @Apress
5. Founder TechNext Pune (Pune Developer
Community)
Topics
•
•
•
•
•
Understanding Android
Android Building Blocks
Putting Building Blocks Together
Latest things in Android World
Reference Material
3
Understanding Android
4
What is Android?
• Software stack for mobile devices that
includes
• an operating system
• middleware
• key applications
• SDK to develop application
5
Android Architecture
6
Android OS Names
7
OS
Version
Nickname
API Level
Date
1.1
__
2
9th February 2009
1.5
Cupcake
3
30 April 2009
1.6
Donut
4
5 September 2009
2.1
Eclair
7
26 October 2009
2.2
Froyo
8
20 May 2010
2.3
Gingerbread
9
6th December 2010
3.0
Honeycomb
11
22nd February 2011
4.X
Icecream
Sandwich
14
19th October 2011
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history
8
Key OS Capabilities
9
Android OS Capabilities
•
Phone and OS features
–
–
–
–
3G/4G,GPS, Accelerometer, Compass, Camera,
SQLite, Wifi, Bluetooth, etc
Near Field Communication
Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM)
Direct Wifi
Android OS Capabilities
•
Notable Features of Android
–
–
–
All Applications are equal
Reuse of Data
Reuse of Functionality
All Applications are Equal
•
•
•
•
•
Replace Home Application
Replace Contacts, Dialer Applications
Replace SMS, Email Applications
Replace Settings Application
OEM Customizations (e.g HTC Sense)
12
Reuse of Data
Default Contact Manager
New Contact Manager
Replaces
What happens to data feed
into the default Contact
Manager?
Reuse of Data
Default Contact Manager
New Contact Manager
Replaces
Content
Provider
“Replaces” means by default
the new app is launched,
but old app still exists
Reuse of Functionality
My Coupons
New Requirement
Share with Friends using
1. SMS
2. Email
Time to learn SMS API
and Email API and code
them into my
application!
More code! Hee hee 
Reuse of Functionality
My Coupons
SMS
Intention: Want
to send Email
Mail
Here are two
applications who
can do it for you?
Reuse of Functionality
My Coupons
SMS
Mail
Reuse of Functionality
My Coupons
SMS
Mail
Android Environment Setup
http://developer.android.com/sdk/in
stalling.html
19
Eclipse
Android SDK
Android …..
ADT
SDK Manager
AVD Manager
Manages
Android 2.2
Google API 2.2
……………….
Emulator
Emulator
Android 3.2
Android 4.x
20
Android Application
Android
Manifest
Dex File
MyApp.apk
Signed by
Self Signed
Private Key
Resources
Identity of Android Application
Identity Part
Example
Package Name
com.sparklytix.android.app.twitter
versionCode
1 (numeric value 2,3,4,..101,102)
Private Key
22
Android Build Cycle
.java
.class
javac
.dex
.apk
dx
apt
• AndroidManifest.xml
• resources
23
How Applications behave?
24
Uid 1
Uid 2
Uid 3
data
data
com.xyz.email
shared_prefs
Dalvik
VM
Dalvik
VM
Dalvik
VM
files
UID 1
databases
com.abc.skype
Process
Process
Process
......
UID 2
com.koko.sukudo
Linux Kernel
......
25 3
UID
Android Building Blocks
26
Activity
Service
Broadcast
Receiver
Content
Resolver
Content
Provider
Intents
Building Blocks
Alarm
Manager
Notification
Manager
……
Other Components
Read more - http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html
First Android Application
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Interacting with Buttons
35
Interacting with Button
36
Interacting with Buttons
37
38
Screen Navigation
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
startActivityForResult()
46
47
48
49
50
51
Intents
52
Understanding Intent
Intents
Explicit
Need
• Class Name
Implicit
Need
• ACTION
• CATEGORY
• DATA
Program Launcher
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sample“ android:versionCode="1“ android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".HelloWorld"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="4" />
</manifest>
Program launcher shows all the activities which have MAIN Action and LAUNCHER
category
Conflicts with implicit Intents
So what happens two activities have the exact same
intent filter and an intent is fired.
Simple you choose one application, and you have an
option to tell to system that application as the default
application hence forth
Intent API Reference
Intent to launch an Activity
• Context.startActivity(intent)
• Context.startActivityForResult(intent)
Intent to launch an Service
• Context.startService(intent)
Intent to send a broadcast
• Context.sendBroadCast(intent)
Activity
57
Activity Life Cycle
Activity Life Cycle (made easy)
onCreate
onStart
onResume
Complete
LifeCycle
Visible LifeCycle
Foreground
LifeCycle
onPause
onStop
onDestroy
What to do in what method?
onCreate
onStart
onResume
onPause
onStop
onDestroy
Services
61
Calling Service
Activity
startService(intent)
Service
void onStartCommand
(Intent intent,…){
}
Fire & Forget
Calling Service
Activity
Service
void foo(){
}
int bar(){
}
1.
2.
3.
4.
RPC Style
bindService(intent)
…..
service.foo()
int result=service.bar()
64
Broadcast Receivers
65
Broadcast Receivers
Network
Change
Battery
Low
App 1
App 2
Android OS
Roaming
Boot
Your App
Custom
Event 1
Custom
Event 2
Interested in any of
these Events.
Broadcast Receivers
•
•
•
•
•
No Life Cycle Methods
Only Call back method
10 second limit before ANR
Need not register with Android Manifest
Can be registered at Runtime
Use case Email Application
68
Mail Application – Use Case
Building Blocks of Android
Phone Boots
Mail Sync
Activity
Service
Communication is using Intents
Data Store
(Email List)
Broadcast
Receiver
Content
Provider/
SQL ite
Database
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Events..
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Broadcast
R
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Broadcast
R
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
starts
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
Completes
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Stores
Data Store
(Email List)
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Stores
Data Store
(Email List)
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Mail
Notification
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Mail
Notification
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Mail
Notification
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Data Store
(Email List)
Mail Sync
Phone Boots
Database
Service
Activity
Broadcast
R
Phone
Boots
Mail
Sync
(5 mins)
Events..
Mail
Notification
Notifi. M..
Alarm M..
Twitter App
• All these Building blocks are covered in more
detail on 3rd November at 3:40 p.m in
“Building Twitter App for Android”
82
Q&A
83
More about Me
• Twitter - http://twitter.com/#!/rohitghatol
• TechGig - http://www.techgig.com/rohitghatol
• LinkedIn http://www.linkedin.com/in/rohitghatol
• Presentations www.slideshare.net/rohitsghatol/
• YouTube Tutorials http://www.youtube.com/user/rohitssghatol