THE IRISH DEPRIVATION MEASURES
Applications and Outlook
Trutz Haase
Revision, June 2012
KEY AREAS OF APPLICATION
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Education
Environment
National Development Programme
Statistical Methods
LOCAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Local Area Initiatives
Local Community
Development
Programme
RAPID
Childcare Initiatives
Family Resource
Centres
County Development
Plans
Health
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
http://maps.pobal.ie/#/map
•
•
•
Originally designation of most disadvantaged areas under the PESP
2008 cohesion (amalgamation of LDSIP with LEADER) and alignment with LA boundaries
Now emphasis on delivering actions to most disadvantaged communities within each LA
RAPID
Local Area Initiatives
Local Community
Development
Programme
RAPID
Childcare Initiatives
Family Resource
Centres
County Development
Plans
Health
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
•
•
•
Originally designated on basis of ED-level deprivation scores
Then combination of EDs and EAs
Now designation using new SAs
RAPID
Local Area Initiatives
Local Community
Development
Programme
RAPID
Childcare Initiatives
Family Resource
Centres
County Development
Plans
Health
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
•
Designation at below 1 STD (deprivation score below -10 = disadvantaged)
CHILDCARE INITIATIVES
Local Area Initiatives
Local Community
Development
Programme
RAPID
Childcare Initiatives
Family Resource
Centres
County Development
Plans
Health
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
•
•
Mapping out of almost 4,400 childcare initiatives across the country
Targeting of childcare supports towards most disadvantaged communities
FAMILY RESOURCE CENTRES
Local Area Initiatives
Local Community
Development
Programme
RAPID
Childcare Initiatives
•
•
•
107 Family Resource
Centres (FRCs) throughout
Ireland
Supported through Family
Support Agency
Aimed at supporting
disadvantaged communities
102
100
103
97
105
104
101
98
99
91
107
92
106
83
Family Resource
Centres
94
93
81
90
96
95
82
89
84
85
87
County Development
Plans
30
88
31
32
86
29
80
37
33
78
36
Health
79
3 4 16
13
1059
78611
15
14
19
21
35
75
34
Education
77
42
22
76
28
45
Environment
46
2
27
44
National Development
Programme
43
1
66
40
24
72
70
60
25
71
69
63
Statistical Methods
68
54
62
39
61
41
55
73
64
59
48
58
52
56
57
51
53
50
47 49
38
COUNTY DEVELOPMENT PLANS
Local Area Initiatives
Local Community
Development
Programme
RAPID
Childcare Initiatives
Family Resource
Centres
County Development
Plans
Health
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
•
•
•
Only 10 years ago, most county development plans where exclusively dealing with the built
environment
Now designated chapters on population in most county development plans
Generally making explicit reference to Irish deprivation measures
LOCAL AREA INITIATIVES IN COMPARISON, 1991-2006
Local Area Initiatives
Local Community
Development
Programme
Population Share 2006
.0
LEADER 2008
Gaeltacht 2008
LDSIP 2006
RAPID
Childcare Initiatives
RAPID 2005
RAPID 2008
Rural Renewal
Family Resource
Centres
County Development
Plans
Health
Education
Environment
Town Renewal
Urban Renewal
LES
CLAR
LDTF
YPFSF
Any ABP
Ireland
Deciles 1
Deciles 2
National Development
Programme
Deciles 3
Statistical Methods
Deciles 5
Deciles 4
Deciles 6
Deciles 7
Deciles 8
Deciles 9
Deciles 10
20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Relative Index Score,
1991
-20.0-15.0-10.0 -5.0
.0
5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
15 Year Change in
Absolute Index Score
-5.0
.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
HSE FACT FILE
Local Area Initiatives
Health
HSE Fact File
Epidemiological
studies
Health Inequalities
Primary Health Care
Teams
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
http://www.hse.ie/eng/staff/Resources/FactFile/Health_Status_Reports/Louth_Health_Status_Report/Deprivation/
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Local Area Initiatives
Health
HSE Fact File
Epidemiological
studies
Mortality
Differentials
Health Inequalities
Primary Health Care
Teams
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/documents/Mortality_Differentials_in_Ireland.pdf
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Local Area Initiatives
Health
HSE Fact File
High blood pressure
Angina, heart attack
Epidemiological
studies
Stroke
Health Inequalities
Diabetes
Primary Health Care
Teams
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
http://www.publichealth.ie/sites/default/files/documents/files/Making%20Chronic%20Conditions.pdf
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Epidemiological
studies
Health Inequalities
Primary Health Care
Teams
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE TEAMS
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Epidemiological
studies
Health Inequalities
Primary Health Care
Teams
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
http://www.hrb.ie/publications/hrb-publication/publications//511//
HIGHER EDUCATION ACCESS ROUTES
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Education
Higher Education
Access Routes
Educational
Disadvantage
Growing-up in Ireland
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
http://www.accesscollege.ie/hear/indicators-area.php
EDUCATIONAL DISADVANTAGE
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Education
Higher Education
Access Routes
Educational
Disadvantage
The Department for Education (UK) calculates the level of school
deprivation from the numbers of children living in families in each
Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) who receive tax credits.
However, as below figures show, not taking into account the
selective nature of school intakes may lead to misleading
specification.
Growing-up in Ireland
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
http://www.significancemagazine.org/details/webexclusive/1311633/School-funding-and-deprivation.html
GROWING-UP IN IRELAND
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Significant Influences on Child and Parental Well-being
Pratschke, Haase and McKeown, 2011
Education
Higher Education
Access Routes
Educational
Disadvantage
Growing-up in Ireland
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
http://trutzhaase.eu/wp/wp-content/uploads/R-2011-Well-being-and-the-Family-System.ppt
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Education
Is particulate air pollution associated with health and health
inequalities in New Zealand?
Richardsona, Pearcea and Kinghamb, 2011
Environment
Environmental Impact
Assessment
National Transport
Planning
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
“We found a clear socioeconomic gradient in respiratory disease mortality (Fig. 2).
At each level of PM10 exposure, risk of respiratory disease mortality increased with
increasing socioeconomic deprivation, after control for relevant individual- and
area-level covariates. We found significant inequality, with the most deprived CAUs
having over 1.7 times the risk of respiratory disease mortality than the most affluent
areas.”
NATIONAL TRANSPORT PLANNING
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Education
Environment
Environmental Impact
Assessment
National Transport
Planning
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
Waterford – Rosslare Europort Route
Business Case for Withdrawal of Rail Services
July 2010
GATEWAY DEVELOPMENT INDEX
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Gateway Development
Index
Statistical Methods
RESOURCE ALLOCATION MODELS
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
Resource Allocation
Models
Sampling
Methodologies for
Household Surveys
Small Area Estimation
The 2009 Resource Allocation Model introduced a new formula to take account of the
extension of the programme which, after the conclusion of the cohesion process, now
covers all 32 Local Authority Areas. Given the new unified structures and additional
constraints arising from the tighter budgetary situation since the coming to an end of the
economic boom, it is now felt that the allocations made under the LCDP should take into
account other allocations made to the same areas, specifically those under the LEADER
and Local Employment Services (LES) programmes.
Haase, T. Technical Note on the 2011 RAM for the LCDP, Pobal, 2011
“A central problem in the health service generally and children’s services in particular is the
lack of a Resource Allocation Model (RAM). Having a RAM is important, for it determines
what human and financial resources should be allocated and where according to objective
criteria designed to meet measured need.”
Harvey, B. A Way Forward for Delivering Children’s Services, Barnardos, March 2011
“The question posed by the study was: „Given the national spend
on the health services, and existing allocation between services,
how should the budget for each service be divided between
PCCC areas in order to support access to services in rough
proportion to the need for these services in each area?' The
current system does not allocate resources in a way that
addresses this question.
Staines, A. et al. Towards the development of a Resource Allocation Model for
Primary, Continuing and Community Care in the Health Services, HRB, 2010
SAMPLING METHODOLOGIES FOR HOUSEHOLD
SURVEYS
Local Area Initiatives
Comparison of Sampling Designs
Health
Education
Model
Sample
Design
Environment
Relative Standard
Error
Mean Square Error
E
UE
LLI
E
UE
LLI
3
3
3
3
3
ED
ED
95% Confidence
Interval
E
UE
LLI
3
3
ED
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
S8 – 2SCS
1,300x4
3
Resource Allocation
Models
S9 – 2SSCS N4A8
1,300x4
3
S10 – 2SSCS N3A5D5
1,300x4
2
2
S11 – 2SSCS N3D10
1,300x4
1
1
M8 – 2SCS
1,300x20
M9 – 2SSCS N4A8
1,300x20
3
M10 – 2SSCS N3A5D5
1,300x20
2
M11 – 2SSCS N3D10
1,300x20
1
Sampling
Methodologies for
Household Surveys
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
2
3
3
Small Area Estimation
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
Haase, T. and Pratschke, J. Optimising the Sampling Methodology for CSO Household Surveys, CSO, 2012
SMALL AREA ESTIMATION
Local Area Initiatives
Health
Education
Environment
National Development
Programme
Statistical Methods
Resource Allocation
Models
Sampling
Methodologies for
Household Surveys
Small Area Estimation