AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
PROPELLANTS
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Numbering Sys.
Propellants are identified
by a number
Four rules for numbering
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Numbering System:
The Various Propellants are Usually Distinguished by a
Number
Rule 1: The First Digit on the Right Signifies the
Number of Fluorine (Fl) Atoms in the Compound.
Rule 2: The Second Digit From the Right is
Numerically One More Than Number of Hydrogen (H)
Atoms in the Compound.
Rule 3: The Third Digit From the Right is Numerically
One Less Than the Number of Carbon (C) Atoms in
the Compound. When the Digit Is Zero, It is Omitted
From the Number.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Numbering System:
Rule 4: The number of chlorine (Cl) atoms
in the compound is found by subtracting
the sum of the fluorine and hydrogen
atoms form of the atoms that can be
connected to carbon. When only one
carbon atom is involved, the total number
of attached atoms is four. When two
carbon atoms are present, the total
number of attached atom is six.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Types:
Hydrocarbons and their
blends
Dymel®
Compressed gas
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Hydrocarbons:
Propane A – 108 ( No. 290)
Isobutane A- 31( No. 601)
n-Butane A- 17 ( No.600)
Number after “A” indicates the Vapor
Pressure of The Propellant in PSIG @
70º F. “A” Indicates AEROSOL
GRADE.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Hydrocarbon Blends:
A- 46
Propane / Isobutane
15.1 / 84.9 % (% by weight)
Propane / n – Butane
26.0 / 74 % (% by weight)
Propane / Isobutane / n - Butane
27.3 / 28.9 / 43.8 % (% by weight)
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Hydrocarbon Blends:
Dymel®
Dymethyl Ether (CH3)2O
Dymel® - A
Difluoroethane CH3CHF2
Dymel® - 152a
1,1,1,2 – Tetrafluoro CF3-CH2F
Dymel® - 134a
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Solubility:
Dymel® A
Dymel® 152a
Formula
CH3OCH3
CH3CHF2
Boiling Point
- 25º C
- 25º C
Vapor Pressure:
70º F
130º F
63 psig
171.7 psig
62.5 psig
176.3 psig
Density(70º F)
0.66 g/cc
0.91 g/cc
3.3-18.0%
3.9-16.9%
35%
1.7%
Flammable Limits
in Air (vol. %)
Solubility in Water
(Wt. %)
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Dymel®
Dymel® 152a
Not a VOC
Zero or low water systems
Alone or with Hydrocarbons
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Dymel® A
VOC
Strong Affinity for water
Allows increased use of water
to reduce VOC contents
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Dymel®
Dymel® A / Water Combination
Used in high water system
Can be used with Hydrocarbon
propellants
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Solubility
Propellant
Dymel® A
Prop. In Water
35%
Water in Prop. KB Value
6%
60
Dymel® 152a
0.28%
0.17%
20
Propane
0.0079%
0.168%
15
n-Butane
0.008%
0.0075%
20
iso-Butane
0.008%
0.0088%
18
iso-Pentane
0.0084%
0.0063%
21
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Solubility
Improving Solubility in Aqueous
Systems:
Dymel® A enhances solubility
Forms hydrogen bonds with
water molecules
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Dymel®
Dymel® or Klea® 134a (CH2FCF3)
No VOC, Non Flammable
Properties close to Freon® 12
But Global Warming Potential is
1300 CO2 = 1
-Almost ten times more than Dymel®
152a
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
AZE0TROPE
An Azeotropic is A Mixture is Defined as One Compound
Of Two Or More Solvents Which Has A Maximum Vapor
Pressure For That System (And A Minimum Boiling
Temperature) Which Can Distill With The Composition
unchanged.
It Is Where The Liquid And Vapor Compositions Are The
Same. When Azeotrope Propellant Sprayed Will Not
Change in Composition Since The Composition In The Head
Space Is The Same As That In The Liquid.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
AZE0TROPE
F0RMUALTION PROPERTIES
PROPELLANT AZEOTROPES
Azeotrope Mixture
Wt% @ 25º C
DME/Propane
18/82
DME/HFC-152a
46/54
DME/HFC-134a
51/49
HFC-152a/Propane
46/54
HFC-152a/Isobutane
75/25
HFC-152a/n-Butane
85/15
HFC-134a/Propane
64/36
HFC-134a/Isobutane
80/20
HFC-134a/n-Butane
88/12
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
TOXICOLOGY OF DYMEL® PROPELLANTS
A. LOW ODOR OF INHALATION TOXICITY IN
EXTENSIVE ANIMAL TESTING.
B. NOT STRONG CARDIAC SENSITIZERS.
C. ALL STUDIES TO DATE SUPPORT AN 8 HOUR TWA
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT OF 1000ppm (HIGHEST
ALLOWED FOR ORGANIC COMPOUNDS)
D. NO HAZARD TO MAN RELATIVE TO SYSTEMATIC
TOXICITY, CARCINOGENICITY, MUTAGENICITY, OR
TETRATOGENICITY WHEN USED WITHIN OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE LIMIT.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
DYMEL® 134a NON FLAMMABLE BLENDS
Flammable
MAXIMUM
COMPONENT
CONCENTRATION
WEIGHT%
HFC-152a
12.0
DME
3.5
ISOBUTANE
3.0
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES OF DYMEL®
PROPELLNATS
DME HFC-152a HFC-134a
OZONE DEPLETION
0
0
0
YES
NO
NO
<0.1
1.5
14
NIGLIGIBLE
140
1300
POTENTIAL (ODP)
VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUND (VOC –USA)
ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIME
YEARS
GLOBAL WARMING
POTENTIAL (100 YR.
INTEGRATED TIME HORIZON )
ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES OF COMMON PROPELLNATS
Compound At. LT(Years)
ODP
GWP(100 yr)
VOC
CFC-11
50
1.00
4000
N
CFC-12
102
1.00
8500
N
HCFC-22
13.3
0.05
1700
N
HCFC-141b
9.4
0.10
630
N
HCFC-142b
19.5
0.06
2000
N
HFC-152a
1.5
0.00
140
N
HFC-134a
14
0.00
1300
N
DME
6-7days
0.00
3 to 11
y
PROPANE
15 days
0.00
3 to 11
Y
Butane
6-7 days
0.00
3 to 11
y
Isobutane
6-7days
0.00
3 to 11
y
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Global Warming:
Global temperatures are dangerously close to the
highest ever estimated to have occurred in the past
million years. Earth has been warming rapidly, nearly
0.36º F (0.2º C) in the last 30 years.
If global temperatures go up to 1.8º F ( 1º C) , It
would be equal to the maximum temperature of the
past million years
This evidence implies that that we are getting close
to dangerous levels of human made (anthropogenic)
POLLUTION.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Human Influences on Global Warming:
Humans might be magnifying warming by
adding to the greenhouse gases naturally
present in the atmosphere. Fuel use is the
chief cause of rising carbon dioxide levels. On
the other hand, humans create temporary,
localized cooling effects through AEROSOLS,
such as smoke and sulfates from industry,
which reflect sunlight away from earth
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Lab safety
Propellant’s
Handling
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Lab safety
No smoking
Personnel must be properly
trained
Cylinders must be chained
Detection sensors
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Lab safety
Exhaust Hood-Explosion-proof
Grounding for static electricity
All sources of ignition MUST be
eliminated
Explosion proof heated storage
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Lab safety
Danger zone – 10 ft radius during
gassing
Avoid spark producing tools
Fire extinguisher – Rating 8B
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Does not have
to be
Dangerous but
can be
unforgiving
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Handling
Courtesy of Phillips Petroleum
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants-Flammability:
 Vapor Heavier than Air-Avoid Confined
areas
 Flammability Tests
1. Flame Elongation
2. Drum
3. Flash Point
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Fisher/Tag Flash Point
Tester
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Close Drum Tester
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Hinged Lid
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Flame Projection Tester
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Flammability:
Aerosol Level 1:
Flammable propellants with a
water-based concentrate
containing not more than 24%
water soluble alcohol by weight.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Flammability:
Aerosol Level 2:
Flammable propellants with an
alcohol-based concentrate
(25% or more water soluble
alcohol/s by weight) – (Water
soluble flammable concentrate).
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Flammability:
Aerosol Level 3:
Flammable propellants with a
water-immiscible concentrate.
(e.g. cyclomethicone, petroleum
distillates etc.).
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Flammability:
1>: If a product contains more than 50%
flammable propellants, the classification is
automatically increased by one level.
2>: If a product contains non-flammable
propellant(CO2,N2 etc.)is not considered a
“flammable gas” and is not subject to this
classifications system.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Flammability
Characteristics:
COMPOUND
FLAMMABL
E LIMITS
(VOLUME%)
FLASH
POINT
◦C
MIE
(mJ)
Hc
(kJ/g)
PROPANE
2.2 – 9.5
-104
0.25
44.0
ISOBUTAN
E
1.8 – 8.4
- 84
0.20
42.8
N-BUTANE
1.8 – 8.5
- 60
DME
3.4 – 18.0
- 41
0.29
26.5
HFC-152a
3.9 – 16.9
- 50
0.38
6.3
43.3
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Aerosol Storage in Warehouses
Level 1 Aerosol Products Considered Equivalent Class
III Commodities-NFPA 13. Std. Sprinkler System
Level 2 & 3 According To Section 6.3.NFPA 13.
Level 2 & 3 Not Permitted In Basement Area
 Aerosols Must Not Be Stored In The Production
Buildings Of A Plant.
Aerosols must be isolated from the other buildings 10
meters or greater.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Aerosol Waste
1. The Storage of WASTE of
Aerosols must be located outside of
the building. If possible to isolate
from the building by a distance of 20
meters.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Compressed Gas
Nitrogen, N2 ( No. 729)
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
( No. 744)
Nitrous Oxide, N2O
( 744a)
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Compressed Gas
Advantages:
Non-flammable
Inexpensive
Environmentally Acceptable
Odorless and Colorless
Low in Toxicity
Changes in temperature causes only minor changes
in pressure
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Compressed Gas
Disadvantages:
Spray characteristics change during is
change
Pressure decreases during use
Flow rate decreases
Spray becomes increasingly coarser
Misuse
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Formulation
General Principle:
Vapor Pressure @ 70º F
Hair Sprays
50-55 psig
Shave foam
40-45 psig
Deodorants
40-50 psig
Hair Mousses
40-45 psig
Paints/Coatings
50-55 psig
Household Fresheners
40-45 psig
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Formulation
Vacuum purge prior to Crimping
Selection of right Valve and
Actuator
Effect of Temperature
Effect of Vapor Tap
Variation in Actuator
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Formulation
The following variables affect spray
characteristics:
Variation in Propellant and
Concentration Ratios
Variation in Propellant and its blend
Variation in Valve and Actuator, or
both
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Propellants – Formulation
The Formulator MUST consider the following
Corrosion study – Aerosol can / Valve
Cooling effect of Aerosol – Deodorants
/Antiperspirants
Solubility and Cloud point of the product
Freeze/Thaw – Emulsion products
Foam quality – Wetness/Density/Stiffness
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
ALTERNATE
PROPELLANTS
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Alternate Propellants
Environmental acceptability
Low toxicity
Non or low-flammability
Realistic manufacturing process
Acceptable end use properties
Acceptable cost to users
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
80% VOC Hair Spray Formulation( Wt%)
Ingredients
Value Brand
Performance
Brand
Salon
Brand
Resin
5
5
5
Ethanol
50
57.5
75
Hydrocarbon
15
15
5
Dymel® A
15
7.5
Dymel® 152a
7.5
Water
15
7.5
Cost of 8oz
can
R
Reference
1.1R
15
1.21R
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%)
Performance Brand
Resin
Ethanol
Hydrocarbon
5
35
5
35
Dymel® A
Dymel®
152a
20
10
20
15
Water
Cost of 8oz
can
30
1.08R
25
1.15R
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%)
Salon Brand
Resin
5
5
5
Ethanol
55
55
55
Dymel® 152a
20
25
30
Water
20
15
10
Cost of 8oz
can
1.21R
1.28R
1.35R
Hydrocarbon
Dymel® A
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%)
Value Brand
Resin
Ethanol
Hydrocarbon
5
20
5
20
Dymel® A
Dymel®
152a
35
35
5
Water
Cost of 8oz
can
40
0.95R
35
1.02R
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION
Aerosol Density
Headspace
Vapor Pressure of the Blend
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :-Aerosol Density
Definition: The Mass per Unit
volume at a given Temperature
d= m / v
Where d=Density
m=Mass
v=Volume
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :-Aerosol Density
Liquid Density of Some Propellants
Propellant
Code
g/cc
Lbs/gal
n.Butane
A 17
0.578
4.81
Isobutane
A 31
0.557
4.63
Propane
A 108
0.499
4.15
Dimethyl Ether
Dymel A
0.066
5.49
Difluoroethane
Dymel 152a
0.910
7.58
Propane/Isobutane(15%/85%)
A 46
0.548
4.56
Propane/Isobutane(50%/50%)
A 70
0.532
4.42
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Density
PROPELLANT WEIGHT (Gram) FOR 100ml @ 21c
140
120
100
80
60
Series1
40
20
0
Isobutane
Dymal® A
Dymal®
152a
Dymal®
134a
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :-Aerosol Density
Aerosol Density is worked out by following way:-Formulation: 55% Concentration…………………….55.0 g
45% propellant………………………….45.0 g
Specific Gravity of Concentrate…………………..0.80 g/cc
Specific Gravity of Propellant………………………...0.91 g/cc
Can Size and its Overflow Capacity
45 X 150 mm ……………… 209 cc
Now, Concentrate divided by Sp. Gr. of Concentrate
55 g divided by 0.80 g/cc = 68.75 cc
Propellant divided by Sp. Gr. Of Propellant
45 g divided by 0.91 g/cc = 49.45 cc
Add 68.75 cc & 49.45 cc = 118.20 cc
100 g divided by 118.20 cc = 0.8460 g/cc this is Aerosol Density
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
The DOT Regulations Specify
That An Aerosol Package Must
Not Become Liquid Full @ 130º F
To Determine The Volume Of
Any Given Weight Of A Product
@ 130º F, It Is Necessary To
Know The Aerosol Density.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :- Head Space
Physical Requirements:
An aerosol container has a safe fill if there is a minimum
7.5 % Head Space within container when the contents are
heated to 130°F(54.4°C), except a 4.5 % head space is
considered safe at 130°F(54.4°C) provided:
 The container has concave base which becomes convex
at pressure significantly below the burst pressure or has
came that can be everted at the chime at pressure
significantly below the burst pressure.
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :- Head Space
Head Space is worked out by following way:-Can Size & its Overflow Capacity
45 x 150 mm ……………………………209 cc
Aerosol Density …………………………… 0.8460 g/cc
209 minus 5 cc(Valve displacement) = 204 cc
204 cc x 80% full x Aerosol Density g/cc
204 cc x 0.80 x 0.8460 g/cc = 138 g
138 g divided by 28.35 g = 4.9 oz
(28.35 g = 1.0 oz)
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Head Space
Can Size:53X240, Fill
Weight:309 G, 34.2 %
Head Space @ 70° F
Can Size:53X240, Fill
Weight:309 G, 33.7 %
Head Space @ 130° F
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Head Space
Can Size:53X240, Fill
Weight:401.2 G, 34.2 %
Head Space @ 70° F
Can Size:53X240, Fill
Weight:401.2 G, 11.2 %
Head Space @ 130° F
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :- AEROSOL DENSITY
WORK STUDY
SUBJECT: FIND OUT CALCULATED AEROSOL DENSITY
AEROSOL FORMULA:
60.0% CONCENTRATE – LIQUID SP.GR. 0.768 g/cc
10.0% PROPELLANT A – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.578 g/cc
30.0% PROPELLANT B – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.910 g/cc
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :- AEROSOL DENSITY
WORK STUDY
SUBJECT: FIND OUT CALCULATED AEROSOL DENSITY
AND NET WEIGHT & NET VOLUME
AEROSOL FORMULA:
55.0% CONCENTRATE – LIQUID SP.GR. 0.823 g/cc
29.0% PROPELLANT A – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.910 g/cc
16.0% PROPELLANT B – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.660 g/cc
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :- AEROSOL DENSITY
WORK STUDY
SUBJECT: FIND OUT CALCULATED AEROSOL DENSITY
AND NET WEIGHT & NET VOLUME & CAN SIZE
AEROSOL FORMULA:
60.0% CONCENTRATE – LIQUID SP.GR. 0.780 g/cc
40.0% PROPELLANT A – LIQUID DENSITY – 0.910 g/cc
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
CALCULATION :- Vapor Pressure of Blend
The blend is 152a & isobutane
V. P @ 70º F
psig
psia
mol. Wt
Dymel® 152a
62.5
77.2
66.1
Isobutane
31.0
45.7
58.1
assume 100 G of solution; 30% 152a = 30 G; 70% isobutane = 70 G
30 divided by 66.1 = 0.4593 moles of 152a
70 divided by 58.1 = 1.2048 moles of isobutane
total moles of mixture: 1.6587
now, 0.4593 divided by 1.6587 = 0.274 mole fraction
1.2048 divided by 1.6578 = 0.726 mole fraction
partial pressure of 152a: 0.274 x 77.2 = 21.15 psia
Partial pressure of isobutane 0.726 x 45.7 = 33.18 psia
therefore, 21.15 + 33.18 = 54.68 psia
minus 14.70 psig = 39.98 psig
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
80% VOC Hair Spray Formulation( Wt%)
Ingredients
Value Brand
Performance
Brand
Salon
Brand
Resin
5
5
5
Ethanol
50
57.5
75
Hydrocarbon
15
15
5
Dymel® A
15
7.5
Dymel® 152a
7.5
Water
15
7.5
Cost of 8oz
can
R
Reference
1.1R
15
1.21R
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%)
Performance Brand
Resin
Ethanol
Hydrocarbon
5
35
5
35
Dymel® A
Dymel®
152a
20
10
20
15
Water
Cost of 8oz
can
30
1.08R
25
1.15R
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
55% VOC Hair Spray Formulation(Wt%)
Salon Brand
Resin
5
5
5
Ethanol
55
55
55
Dymel® 152a
20
25
30
Water
20
15
10
Cost of 8oz
can
1.21R
1.28R
1.35R
Hydrocarbon
Dymel® A
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
FILLING
METHODS
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Filling Methods
•Under the Cap (U – T – C)
•Pressure or through the
Valve (T – T –V)
•Cold Filling
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Filling Methods – Under Cap Filling
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Filling Methods – Under Cap Filling
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Filling Methods – Through the Valve
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Filling Methods
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
Filling Methods – Comparison
Under
the Cap
Filling Accuracy
Filling Speed
Filling Range
Equipment Utilization
Propellant Loss
Propellant in Dip Tube
+
+
+
+
Through
the
Valve
+
+
-
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
USA Regulatory Agencies:
1. Department Of Transportation (DOT)
2. Environmental Protective Agency (EPA)
3. Food, Drug & Cosmetics Administration (FD&CA)
4. Consumer Product Safety Commissioner (CPSC)
5. Federal Labeling & Packaging Act – Fair Packaging
Labeling Act (FPLA)
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
USA Regulatory Agencies
6. National Bureau Of Standards (NBA)
7. Federal, Insecticide, Fungicide &
Rodenticide (FIFR)
8. Air Transportation Of Aerosols (IATA)
9. US Post Office – Dept. regulations of
Aerosols
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
WARNING STATEMENTS FOR AEROSOLS
1.FD&CA
2.CPSC
WARNING: FLAMMABLE. CONTENTS UNDER
PRESSURE. DO NOT PUNCTURE OR
INCINERATE. DO NOT STORE AT
TEMPEARTURE ABOVE 120ºF. KEEP OUT
OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
3.NO SYMBOLES AS EUROPE & CANADA
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL
Flammability Statement
Flash Point
(A) Pressurized Containers
Flash point at or below
20ºF or if there is a
flashback at any valve
opening
Required Text
Extremely flammable.
Contents under pressure.
Keep away from fire,
sparks, and heated
surfaces. Do not puncture
or incinerate container.
Exposure to temperature
above 130ºF may cause
bursting
[40 CFR 156.78]
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL
Flammability Statement
Flash Point
(A) Pressurized Containers
Flash point above 20ºF and
not over 80ºF or if the
flame extension is more
than 18 inches long at a
distance of 6 inches from
the flame
Required Text
Flammable. Contents under
pressure. Keep away from
heat, sparks, and open
flame. Do not puncture or
incinerate container.
Exposure to temperature
above 130ºF may cause
bursting
[40 CFR 156.78]
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL
Flammability Statement
Flash Point
(A) Pressurized Containers
All other pressurized
container
Required Text
Contents under pressure.
Do not use or store near
hat or open flame. Do not
puncture or incinerate
container. Exposure to
temperature above 130ºF
may cause bursting
[40 CFR 156.78]
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
LABELING FOR FLAMMABLE AEROSOL
Flammability Statement
Flash Point
Required Text
(B) Non Pressurized Containers
At or below 20ºF
Extremely flammable. Keep
away form fire, sparks, and
heated surfaces.
Above 20ºF and not over 80ºF
Flammable. Keep away from heat
and open flame
Above 80ºF and not over 150ºF
Combustible. Do not use or
store near heat or open flame.
[40 CFR 156.78]
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL PACKAGING –FAIR PACKAGING LABELING ACT
1. Aerosol Package Must Be Labeled In Units Of
WEIGHTS E.G. Net Wt. 12.0 Oz. – Front Panel
2. Over One Pound Declaration Must Be In Ounces Followed
In Parentheses By Declaration In Whole Pounds. E.G.
Net Wt.
18 ½ Oz.(1 Lb 2 ½ Oz.) Front Panel
3. SUPPLEMENTARY CONTENTS STATEMENTS MAY BE
MADE SUCH AS Fl. Oz. But Not On Front Panel Only
Back Panel.
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARD
1.Checking Net Weight Of Aerosols
2.It Must Deliver To The Consumer
The Stated Net Contents
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DOT 2N – (40psig – 140psig @ 130ºF)
DOT 2P - (141psig – 160psig @ 130ºF)
DOT 2Q – (161psig – 180psig @ 130º)
EACH COMPLETED AEROSOL CONTAINER FILLED FOR SHIPMENT
MUST HAVE BEEN HEATED UNTIL THE PRESSURE IN THE
CONTAINER IS EQUIVALENT TO THE EQUILIBRIUM PRESSURE
OF THE CONTENT AT 130ºF WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF LEAKAGE,
DISTORATION OR OTHER DEFECT.
AEROSOLS – CONSUMER COMMODITY – ONLY SHIPPED BY AIR.
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
VOC Regulations
Regulated Product
Categories
VOC Content Limits( Wt%)
Current US EPA
Current/Future CARB
Proposed OTC
Effective 1/1/05
HAIR MOUSSE
16%
6% ( 12/31/02)
6.00%
HAIR SHINES
None
55%( 1/1/05)
55%
HAIR SPRAYS
80%
55%
55%
6%
6%
6%
85%
75% (12/31/04)
75%
HAIR STYLING GELS
NAIL POLISH REMOVER
FRAGRANCE
PERSONAL
<20% FRAGRANCE
NONE
75%
NONE
>20% FRAGRANCE
NONE
65%
NONE
SHAVING CREAM
5%
5%
5%
60% HVOC
40% HVOC
40% HVOC
10% MVOC
10% MVOC
ANTIPERSPIRANT
AEROSOL
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
VOC Regulations
• HVOV: High Volatility Organic Compound
• MVOC: Medium Volatility Organic Compound with
vapor pressure > 2 mm Hg @ 20º C & less
than or Equal to 80 mm Hg @ 20º C
• > 55% VOC Hair sprays-To be sold in California ended
12/31/99. All Non-Compliant Products had to be of the
shelves by 12/31/2002
• >6% VOC Mousses sold in California ended 12/31/2002.
The 3 year “Sell Through” period must be off the
shelves is 12/31/2005
• There are 13 States will follow OTC( Ozone Transport
Commission ) Model when it takes effect in 2005
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
VOC Regulations
•There are 13 States will follow OTC
( Ozone Transport Commission ) Model
when it takes effect in 2005
Connecticut
Dist. Of Columbia
Maryland
New Hampshire
New York
Rhodes Island
Virginia
Delaware
Maine
Massachusetts
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Vermont
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
VOC Regulations – As of 12/31/2006
PRODUCT
Adhesive Removers
1.Floor & Wall Covering Adhesive
2.Gasket or Thread Locking Adhesive
3.General Purpose Adhesive
4.Special Adhesive
Contact Adhesive
1. General purpose
2. Special Purpose
Anti-Static Product
1. Non – Aerosol
Electronic Cleaner
Electrical Cleaner
VOC LIMIT %
5
50
20
70
55
80
11
75
45
Mac Bhuta
AEROSOL TECHNOLOGY
VOC Regulations – As of 12/31/2006
PRODUCT
Fabric Refresher
1. Aerosol
2. Non-Aerosol
Footwear & Leather Care Product
1. Aerosol
2. Solid
3. All other Forms
Graffiti Remover
1. Aerosol
2. Non – Aerosol
Hair Styling Product
1. Aerosols & Pump Sprays
VOC LIMIT %
15
6
75
55
15
50
30
6
Mac Bhuta