Molar Volume Molar Volume • There is a way to relate the volume of a gas to the amount of gas in moles. • The volume of a gas is related to both its temperature and its pressure • This must be considered to understand the relationship between volume and moles Temperature and Pressure • Both affect the volume of gases • Example-Balloon in freezer • If temperature decreases, volume of gas decreases • Example-Diver in deep ocean • If pressure is increased, volume of gas is decreased Standard temp and press • Standard conditions -The average pressure of the atmosphere at sea level is taken as standard pressure which is 101.3kPa -The freezing point of water is defined as standard temperature, which is 0°C or 273°K • Together these conditions are known as standard temperature and pressure or STP Avogadro’s Hypothesis • Used the findings of Guy-Lussac and Dalton • Avogadro said: equal volumes of all ideal gases at the same temp. and press. contain the same number of molecules Where n=# of • Mathematically: moles, V=volume, nαV or n=kV or n1/V1=n2/V2 and k=a constant • Based on the law, one mole of gas occupies the same volume as one mole of another gas at the same temp and pressure • Molar volume of a gas us the space that is occupied by one mole of the gas. Units=L/mol Standard Molar Volume • The molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4L/mol • Can use this number to solve gas problems involving moles and volume at STP Example • What is the volume of 3.0mol of nitrous oxide, NO2(g), at STP? Solution • We know 1.00mol of gas occupies 22.4L at STP so this tells us that n1=1.0mol and V1=22.4L • The question tells us that the n2 is 3.0mol of NO2 • All we have to do is use the equation (avogadro’s law)and solve for V2 Solution • n1/V1=n2/V2 V2=n2V1 n1 V2=(3.0mol)(22.4L) 1.0mol V2=67L Example • Suppose you have 44.8L of methane gas at STP a) How many moles are present? b) What is the mass of the gas?(g) c) How many molecules of gas are present? Solution a) Using Avogadro’s law: n2=n1V2 V1 =1.00mol x 44.8L 22.4L =2.00mol