Basic Scientific and
Technical Translation (II)
Scientific and Technical Translation
Lecturer: Ivan Yeung
0 數字的翻譯

大陸台灣、英美用法不同
 一億 (108 )
 十億 (109)
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
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兆 * (1012)

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千兆 * (1015)
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京 * (1016)


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百京 * (1018)
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a hundred million
a thousand million (Br)
a billion (Am) (increasingly common)
a billion (Br) * (increasingly rare)
a trillion (Am)
a thousand billion (Br)
a quadrillion (Am)
ten thousand billion (Br)
ten quadrillion (Am)
a trillion (Br)
a quintillion (Am)
0.1 數字的歧義

billion



109：十億 (American)，目前最常用
1012：萬億 (British)
兆*

106：百萬，大陸地區通用於單位前綴表示倍數




megahertz (MHz) 兆赫 *
megapixel (MP / Mpx) 百萬像素 * (!)
1012：萬億，台灣地區常用
1016：億億，廢用
0.2 numbers
10n
decimal
109
1 000 000 000
108
100 000 000
107
10 000 000
106
1 000 000
100 000
10 000
1 000
100
10
1
105
104
103
102
101
100
English
Chinese
million
hundred
ten
one
萬
千
百
十
一
0.3 SI prefixes
prefix
symbol
1000m
10n
decimal
Chi
example
giga
G
10003
109
1 000 000
000
mega
M
10002
106
1 000 000
兆
megahertz
(MHz) 兆赫
kilo
k
10001
103
1 000
千
kilowatt (kW)
千瓦
10000
100
1
吉 (咖) gigabyte
(Gb) 吉字節
0.3 SI prefixes
prefix
symbol
1000m
10n
decimal
10000
100
1
Chi
example
deci
d
1000-1/3
10-1
0.1
分
decibel (dB)
分貝
centi
c
1000-2/3
10-2
0.01
厘
centimeter (cm)
厘米
milli
m
1000-1
10-3
0.001
毫
milligram (mg)
毫克
micro
µ
1000-2
10-6
0.000 001
微
microsievert
(µSv) 微希
nano
n
1000-3
10-9
0.000 000 001
納
nanometer (nm)
納米
1 數量增加的翻譯

1.1 “percentage, fraction”
 Annual production of steel has gone up by more
than 25%.
 鋼的年產量提高了百分之二十五以上。
 By 2005, the infected area had been expanded to
one-third more than that of 2000.
 到了 2005 年，受感染面積較 2000 年時擴大了
三分之一。

動筆！

Production is now double what it was.
1 數量增加的翻譯

1.2 “times”

A) three times the length of something.
 三倍於某物的長度。(OAL)

例：
 A female giant weta bearing eggs weighed 71g - this is
three times the weight of an average house mouse.
 懷卵的雌性沙螽體重達 71 g，約為一般家鼠的三倍
重。

動筆！

The longest human bone is the femur or thigh bone
which is 48 cms long. It is so strong that it can support
30 times the weight of a man!
1 數量增加的翻譯

1.2 “times”

B) three times as long as something.
 某物的三倍長。(OAL)

例：
 60 minutes is three times as long as 20 minutes and 40
pounds is four times as heavy as 10 pounds.
 20 分鐘的三倍是 60 分鐘，10 磅的四倍是 40 磅。

Aluminum is three times as heavy as polyethylene.
 鋁重為聚乙烯重的三倍。
 鋁比聚乙烯重二倍。(2.7 vs 0.92 – 0.94 g/cm3)
1 數量增加的翻譯

1.2 “times”

動筆！

An atom of Carbon is twelve times as heavy as
hydrogen while an atom of Aluminum is just over
two times as heavy as carbon.
1 數量增加的翻譯



1.2 “times”
C) three times longer than something.
 比某物長兩倍。(OAL)
例：
 The total length of China's railway network is two times longer
than that of France.
 中國鐵路網比法國的長一倍。(32,682 vs 70,000 km )

Krypton is three times heavier than air.
 氪氣比空氣重兩倍。(3.708 vs 1.25 kg/m3 )

Silver is three times heavier than quartz.* (wrong use!!)
 銀比石英重三倍。(10.5 vs 2.65 g/cm3) *
1 數量增加的翻譯


1.2 “times”
D) increased by three times.
 increased threefold.
 increased by a factor of three.




增加了兩倍。
增至 (原來的) 三倍。
The grain output has increased by three times.
 糧食產量增加了三倍。**
 糧食產量增加了兩倍。
The number of monkeys has increased more than twofold.
 猴子數量增加了多於兩倍。**
 猴子數量增加了一倍多。
1 數量增加的翻譯

1.2 “times”

動筆！
 Malwares have increased by three times in 2008

The West Nile Virus is spreading faster than federal health
officials had expected, with the number of cases tripling to
at least 164 since last week.

Nationwide, the CDC said at least 164 people in 16 states
are infected, compared with 59 a week ago.
1 數量增加的翻譯

1.2 “times”
 Roundup exercise
 動筆！

Food production since Independence has also
increased over four times (from 50 million metric
tonnes in 1951 to over 200 million metric tonnes in
2001), while population growth has been a little less
than three times (from 36 crores in 1951 to 102 crores
in 2001)
2 數量減少的翻譯

2.1 “percentage, fraction”



The antibody level was reduced by 10 percent.
 抗體濃度降低了百分之十。
The volume of an electric motor can be reduced by one
third by using glass fiber for electric insulation.
 用玻璃纖維作電器絕緣材料，可使電動機的體積縮小三
分之一。
The loss of metal has been reduced to less than 20%.
 金屬損耗已降低至百分之二十以下。
2 數量減少的翻譯

2.1 “percentage, fraction”

動筆！

The test results indicate that the olefin content of
catalytically cracked gasoline can be significantly
reduced to less than 20 v%, while sulfur content
reduced by 15%-25%.
2 數量減少的翻譯

2.2 “half”

This rope is half as long as that one.
 這條繩子只有那條的一半長。
 這條繩子比那條短一半。

動筆！

When the new Medical Library opens in three
years, it will be half the old one’s size with 40
percent fewer books.
2 數量減少的翻譯

2.3 “times”



The length of the laser tube was reduced ten times.
 雷射管的長度縮短了十分之九。
 雷射管的長度縮短為十分之一。
The length has been shortened four times.
 長度縮短了四分之三。
 長度縮短至原來的四分之一。
Microsporidia branches have been shortened three times
(double black break) to increase readability.


微孢子蟲分支縮短了三分之二 (雙黑斜間) 以增加可讀性。*
微孢子蟲分支縮短了三分之二 (雙線分隔標記) 以利閱讀。
2 數量減少的翻譯
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2.4 “fold”
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The principal advantage is a six-fold reduction in
volume.
 主要優點是體積縮小了六分之五。
 主要優點是體積縮小為六分之一。*
 主要優點是體積縮小至原來的六分之一。
There is a three-fold fall in price.
 價格降低了三分之二。
 價格降低至原來的三分之一。
2 數量減少的翻譯

2.4 “fold”
 動筆！

The team showed a six-fold reduction of the effective
size of the Zea mays (maize or corn) genome while
creating a four-fold increase in the gene identification
rate when compared to standard whole-genome
sequencing methods.
2 數量減少的翻譯

2.5 表示數量不確定的譯法


There are millions of stars like the sun in the universe.
 宇宙中有數以百萬計像太陽一樣的星球。*
 宇宙中有許許多多像太陽一樣的星球。*
The instruments of this variety will cost thousand odd
dollars.
 這種儀器可值 1000 多元。
3 被動句的翻譯

3.1 翻譯成中文被動句
 被動態可以翻譯成「被」、「由」、「讓」、「給」、
「受」、「遭」、「為」、「所」、「為……所」
 The compass was invented by Chinese long ago.
 很久以前，指南針被中國人發明。*
 很久以前，指南針早為中國人所發明。*
 很久以前，中國人發明了指南針。
 Besides voltage, resistance and capacitance, an
alternating current is also influenced by inductance.
 除了電壓、電阻和電容之外，交流電還受電感的影
響。
3 被動句的翻譯

3.1 翻譯成中文被動句 (續)
 The metal hardened when it was cooled in the air.
 這種金屬在空氣中冷卻時，就會硬化。
 Purified hydrogen is passed over a hot catalyst.
 讓純化氫氣通過熱催化劑。

動筆！

The atomic theory was not accepted until the last
century.
3 被動句的翻譯

3.2 翻譯成中文主動句
 Other evaporation materials and processes will be
discussed briefly.
 其他一些蒸發材料和蒸發程序將簡要地加以討論。
 Resistance is measured in ohms.
 電阻是以歐姆為單位被量度的。**
 電阻是以歐姆為單位(來)量度的。
 No work can be done without energy.
 沒有能量，就不能做工。
3 被動句的翻譯

2.2 翻譯成中文主動句 (續)
 A film of oil is inserted between the sliding surfaces of a
bearing.
 承軸的滑動面之間上了一層油膜。
 It has been found that this machine is similar to the other
one in design.
 人們已經發現，這台機器和那台機器在結構上是相似的。
*
 人們發現，這台機器和那台機器結構相似。*
 這兩台機器結構相似。
 The field trip will be lead by Professor Li.
 李教授會帶這次野外考察。
 這次野外考察由李教授帶領。
3 被動句的翻譯

2.2 翻譯成中文主動句 (續)

動筆！

Measures have been taken to diminish friction.

Special instruments for measuring cosmic rays are
installed in the satellite.

Much progress has been made in biological cloning
technology in less than a decade.
4 否定句的翻譯

4.1 全部否定

Compare the following sentences

He is not an engineer.
 他不是工程師。

He is no engineer.
 他根本不是工程師。
4 否定句的翻譯

4.1 全部否定 (續)
 Not all matter is visible. Air is not visible, but it is
matter. * (部分否定，見 4.2)
 不是所有物質都是看得見的。空氣是看不見的，但
空氣是物質。
 The proton carries a positive charge and the electron
carries a negative charge, but the neutron carries
neither.
 質子帶正電荷，電子帶負電荷，中子兩種電荷都不
帶。
4 否定句的翻譯

4.2 部分否定
 動筆！

All that glitters is not gold.

Both the instruments are not precision ones.

Every machine here is not produced by our factory.
4 否定句的翻譯

4.3 雙重否定
 There is no grammatical rule that does not have
exceptions.
 沒有一條語法規則沒有例外。
 每條語法規則都有例外。
 Heat can never be converted into a certain energy
without something lost.
 熱能每逢轉換成某種能量時，總是不能不損耗掉一
些。**
 熱能轉換成其他能量時，總是有損耗。
4 否定句的翻譯

4.4 意義上的否定



In the absence of force, a body will either remain at
rest or continue to move with constant speed in a
straight line.
 沒有外力，物體不是保持靜止，就是一直沿著直線
作勻速運動。
This equation is far from being complicated.
 這個方程式一點也不複雜。
Unless there is motion, there is no work.
 沒有運動，就沒有功。
4 否定句的翻譯

3.4 意義上的否定 (續)
 動筆！

Farad is too large a unit to be used in radio
calculation.
本節完

休息一會