IP and IPX Services

• Transport Layer
– TCP/IP
– SPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange
• Network Layer
– NLSP (Netware Link Service Protocol) SPF
– IPX
– RIP

• Data/Link and Physical Layer
– IEEE 802.3
– IEEE 802.5
– Fast Ethernet
– FDDI
– PPP
– High Speed Serial Interface
– ISDN
– ATM

• Layers 7-6-5
– SAP
Service Advertising Protocol to advertise network services
– NCP
NetWare Core Protocol to provide client-to-server connections & applications
– NetWare Shell
– NETBIOS

• 80-bit address network.node
• MAC Interface address part of logical address
• Multiple LAN encapsulations supports multiple logical networks
• Novell RIP is default routing protocol
• SAP advertises network services
• GNS packets help clients find servers

• Distance Vector
– Novell RIP
• Uses ticks (network delay) and hop count
• 15 hops is maximum
• Updates sent every 60 seconds
• Link-State
– NLSP – Netware Link Services Protocol

• DIX – Digital, Intel, & Ethernet worked on
Ethernet Standards prior to IEEE standard
• Get from Network Administrator
• Telnet to neighbor router
– Show Protocols
– Show IPX Interface

• Ethernet_802.3
– Ethernet RAW
– 802.3 IPX
• Ethernet_802.2
3.11 or earlier
3.12 or later
802.3 802.2 LLC IPX
• Ethernet_II
Ethernet/IPX
– Standard Ethernet header
• Ethernet_SNAP 802.3 802.2 LLC
» SNAP IPX
» Used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk

• Ethernet
E_802.3
novell-ether
» E_802.2
sap
» E_II
» E_SNAP arpa snap
• Token Ring
Token-Ring snap
» Token Ring_SNAP snap
• FDDI
FDDI_SNAP
» FDDI_802.2
» FDDI_RAW
SNAP
SAP
NOVELL-FDDI

• Cisco supports all Novell encapsulations
– Can tell the difference between packet types
– Can support multiple encapsulations on single
LAN INTERFACE
• Must configure multiple logical networks
– Multiple IPX encapsulations support reduces equipment expenses, minimizes configuration complexity, and eases migration

• Checksum
• Length
• Transport Control
• Packet Type
• Destination Network; Destination Node
• Destination Socket
• Source Network; Source Node & Socket

• Routing updates sent to a neighbor should not contain information about routes learned from that neighbor
• Load Sharing is used when the distance vector metric for ticks and hop counts is identical
– Improves network performance

• Each service has a SAP identifier
– 4 file server; 7 print server; 24 remote bridge
• Updates sent every 60 seconds
• Routers build tables based on SAP broadcasts
• Cisco router does not respond to GNS but will supply server address from its SAP table

• Broadcast from client needing services
• Netware Server and Cisco router get request
– Can distribute clients evenly among available servers
– Can support serverless LAN segments
– Provides network-based load sharing
• Assumes servers are identical
• NetWare servers provide GNS response

• Global Configuration
– IPX Routing
• IPX routing [node address]
– If no node address, Cisco uses MAC address of interface
– Address must be specified if there are only S0 ports
– Configures round-robin load sharing over multiple equal metric paths
– Default is 1; maximum is 512
– Load Sharing
• Interface Configuration
– Network numbers
– Encapsulation Type

• Ipx routing selects IPX for routing
• IPX maximum-paths 2 load sharing 2 paths
• Interface ethernet 0.1 first sub-interface
• Encapsulation novell-ether
Ethernet_802.3
• IPX network 9e network number assigned to E0.1
• Encapsulation sap specifies Ethernet 802.2 frame format

• Show ipx interface ipx status and values
• Show ipx route routing table contents
• Show ipx servers
IPX server list
• Show ipx traffic
Number & type packets
• Debug ipx routing activity
RIP update
• Debug ipx sap
SAP update
• Ping node information

• Tick metric can be set manually
– Use ipx delay number
• Cisco router defaults
– LAN interfaces
1 tick
– WAN interfaces
6 ticks

• Codes
– C – directly connected to primary network
– C - directly connected to secondary nw
– R – route learned from RIP
– E – Route learned from EIGRP
– S - Statically defined route
– W – Directly connected route via IPXWAN

• Total IPX routes
• Maximum number of parallel paths
• Routing protocol in use
• Network number
• Delay/Metric
• Network.node address
• Age – elapsed time; Uses – number of lookups
• Ethernet 0 interface to be used
• Encapsulation frame type – HDLC SAP SNAP
Novell-ether

• Show ipx servers [sorted] [name|net|type]
– Codes P server learned during updates
– H
– S
– I server is down server is defined statically server learned using SAP Incremental
• Total IPX Servers
• Table Order, Type, Name, Network number
• Node Address, etc.

• Packets Received
• Number of format errors
• Number of checksum errors
• Number of bad hop counts
• Number of pitched packets
• Number packets sent to local destination
• Number of multicast packets

• Displays information about IPX SAP packets
• SAP responses
– 0x1 general query
– 0x2 general response
– 0x3
GNS request
– 0x4 GNS response

• Ipx network.node
– !
Received
– ..
– U network waiting for reply unreachable
– C
– I congestion interrupted
– ?
– &
Unknown packet type packet life exceeded